Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 9TY
All of the following may happen in response to exercise training except:
a. increase in the number of myofibrils
b. increase in the storage of glycogen and creatine phosphate
c. increase in the number of muscle fibers
d. increase in the number of mitochondria
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding skeletal muscle contraction?
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O d. Calcium is pumped into storage soon after it is released to the cytoplasm
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 6 -
1. Do you think we should continue to try to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 6 - Describe how muscle contraction can resist...Ch. 6 - Describe how a muscle's origin and insertion...Ch. 6 - Describe the roles of calcium in muscle...Ch. 6 -
4. Explain what causes rigor mortis.
Ch. 6 - Prob. 5CRCh. 6 - Prob. 6CRCh. 6 - Prob. 7CRCh. 6 -
8. Compare and contrast how a constant degree of...
Ch. 6 - Prob. 9CRCh. 6 - Prob. 10CRCh. 6 - Prob. 1TYCh. 6 -
2. Which of the following choices arranges the...Ch. 6 - All of the following are functions of the muscular...Ch. 6 -
4. Which of the following happens during muscle...Ch. 6 -
5. Botulism toxin inhibits the release of...Ch. 6 - The sliding filament mechanism describes the...Ch. 6 -
7. What is the first and most direct energy...Ch. 6 - As you clasp your hands in front of you and push...Ch. 6 -
9. All of the following may happen in response to...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is/are characteristic of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is the site of calcium ion...Ch. 6 - What is the role of ATP in muscle function? a. ATP...Ch. 6 -
13. Which of the following would have motor units...Ch. 6 - Which type(s) of muscle cells can contract the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 15TYCh. 6 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 6 - Why do you think it is generally accepted medical...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 6 - What would happen to a muscle if one of its...Ch. 6 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 8AWK
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- Through dedicated training, the speed or level of effort coinciding with a person’s lactate threshold improves. Within the skeletal muscle cell, what changes might have occurred to permit this improved lactate threshold, resulting in less lactate spilling out into the blood?arrow_forwardIn order to study and understand muscle diseases, one needs to have a good understanding of normal muscle function. Briefly outline the process of cross-bridge cycling in muscle contraction. Be sure to highlight the role of Ca2+ and ATP/ADP in the process.arrow_forwardwhich of the following statement is true? a. Fast fibers have difficulty fatiguing b. Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves c. Fast fibers containe loosely packed myofibrils d. Fast fibers have a small diameterarrow_forward
- During muscle isometric tension, the maximum tension occurs when: There is no overlapping between the actin and myosin O a. O b. None of these The myosin and actin overlap without crossing the center O d. The myosin and actin totally overlap Dilatant flow is characterized as a reverse phenomenon of: a. Newtonian flow O b. Plastic flow O c. Pseudoplastic flow O d. Rheopexyarrow_forwardA. Fatigue • B. Normal Contraction C. No contraction (muscle is relaxed) D. Rigor mortis (organism is dead) • 10. Lots of Ca++ in myofibril; Lots of ATP availablearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not likely to result from endurance training alone?a. Increase in oxidative enzymes in the muscle fiberb. A transition from type IIb to type IIa muscle fibersc. Hypertrophy of the muscle fibersd. Increase in blood supply to the muscle fibersarrow_forward
- A. nerve cell releases neurotransmitter which stimulates the muscle cell: B. calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum and floods sarcoplasm; C. sarcolemma is permeable to sodium allowing sodium to rush into cell; D. myosin forms cross-bridges to pull actin into the center of the sarcomere; E. sarcolemma depolarizes and conducts an action potential Put them in orderarrow_forwardIndicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.arrow_forwardWhich of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomerearrow_forward
- Which of the following is thought to be cause of muscular fatigue? Decrease level of lactate within the muscle cell Decrease level of extracellular potassium outside of muscle cell Increased level of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft Increase level of intracellular ATP within muscle cell Increase level of phosphate within muscle cellarrow_forwardWhen a muscle hypertrophies what happens on the cellular level: Select one: a. Myosin and actin increase in number b. Sarcomeres increase in size c. Muscle fibers increase in number d. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle B. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length C. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream D. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contractarrow_forward
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