Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 8CR
Compare and contrast how a constant degree of moderate tension, or tone, is maintained by a skeletal muscle that maintains posture versus a smooth muscle that maintains blood vessel diameter.
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Characteristics of smooth muscles fibers
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spindle shaped, unbranched, unstriated,
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spindle shaped, unbranched, multistriated,
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cylinderical, unbranched, unstriated,
uninucleate and involuntary
Cylindrical, unbranched, striated,
multinucleate and involuntary
Fat cells are characterized by:
affected by starvation
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they are heat insulator
they have signet ring appearance
abundant mitochondria
Describe the types of skeletal muscle fibers based on:
Structural differences (chemical and physical)
Contraction speed and resistance to fatigue
Type of respiration
Fill in the appropriate type(s) of muscle: Contracts rhythmically and spontaneously:_______ ;is controlled voluntarily:________ ; contains orderly arrangements of fibrous proteins, giving a striped appearance:_________ ; is under involuntary control:________; is found in the walls of the digestive tract:_______; moves the skeleton:________ .
Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 6 -
1. Do you think we should continue to try to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 6 - Describe how muscle contraction can resist...Ch. 6 - Describe how a muscle's origin and insertion...Ch. 6 - Describe the roles of calcium in muscle...Ch. 6 -
4. Explain what causes rigor mortis.
Ch. 6 - Prob. 5CRCh. 6 - Prob. 6CRCh. 6 - Prob. 7CRCh. 6 -
8. Compare and contrast how a constant degree of...
Ch. 6 - Prob. 9CRCh. 6 - Prob. 10CRCh. 6 - Prob. 1TYCh. 6 -
2. Which of the following choices arranges the...Ch. 6 - All of the following are functions of the muscular...Ch. 6 -
4. Which of the following happens during muscle...Ch. 6 -
5. Botulism toxin inhibits the release of...Ch. 6 - The sliding filament mechanism describes the...Ch. 6 -
7. What is the first and most direct energy...Ch. 6 - As you clasp your hands in front of you and push...Ch. 6 -
9. All of the following may happen in response to...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is/are characteristic of...Ch. 6 - Which of the following is the site of calcium ion...Ch. 6 - What is the role of ATP in muscle function? a. ATP...Ch. 6 -
13. Which of the following would have motor units...Ch. 6 - Which type(s) of muscle cells can contract the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 15TYCh. 6 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 6 - Why do you think it is generally accepted medical...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 6 - What would happen to a muscle if one of its...Ch. 6 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 6 - Prob. 8AWK
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- Which of the following factors can help to increase contractile force? small load large muscle fibers predominance of slow oxidative fibers tetanic contraction large number of muscle fibers activated due to recruitment of motor unitsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries. Slow fibers contain the myoglobin. Slow fibers contain a large number of mitochondria. Slow fibers contract for extended periods.arrow_forwardDiscuss the three types of muscle tissues: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Discuss the differences between each tissue type.arrow_forward
- In cardiac muscle, which ion serves both to depolarize the cells and as the essential link to myocyte contraction (the troponin/tropomyosin part)? a-Na+ b-Ca+ c-Ca2+ d-Cl-arrow_forwardMen are generally stronger than women because they typically have larger bodies, and a more significant proportion of their total body mass is made up of muscle. However, when strength is expressed per unit of the cross-sectional area of muscle tissue, men are only 1-2% stronger than women in the upper body and equal to women in the lower body. Explain two factors that explain these disparities.arrow_forwardSlow twitch muscle fibers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: O a) used in endurance type of activities O b) contract rapidly and forcefully Oc) resistant to fatigue O d) have a direct relationship to the oxidative energy systemarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the connective tissue types of loose, cartilage, dense, bone, and blood. Explain, in detail, the process of a muscle contraction at a microscopic level (including the sliding filament model). Please make sure responses are in your own words as possible as you can. Thanks for the help.arrow_forwardCompare the inner layer of smooth muscle with circumferentially running muscle cells,to the outer layer of longitudinally running fibres that have been sectioned transversely, which layer is easy to distinguisharrow_forwardThe changes related to muscle mobility are the most obvious in older adult. There can be measurable differences in muscle strength, endurance, range of motion, coordination, elasticity, and flexibility of connective tissue. Regular exercise is necessary to prevent a decrease in muscle strength. Exercise helps to strengthen muscles and keeps joints, tendons, and ligaments more flexible, allowing for a more active lifestyle. Please research and describe some activities you could recommend to an elderly patient to stay active to help them maintain muscle massarrow_forward
- Which statement or statements describe why depletion of ATP after death leads to rigor mortis? Select all that apply. ATP is required to move tropomyosin back over the active sites of thin filaments. ATP is required for myosin thick filaments to detach from actin thin filaments. ATP is required to pump calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. ATP is required for the action potential to spread across the sarcolemma.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are aspects of the structure of skeletal muscle? Select all that apply. The muscle fibers are parallel to one another and have a striated appearance. They have more mitochondria than other types of muscle cells. Each fiber contains many units of contraction and protein filaments. Cells are branched or unbranched with single nuclei. It consists of cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that have multiple nuclei.arrow_forwardTo build individual muscle strength and muscle girth (i.e. bulk up), it is best to: O a) do resistance exercises for each muscle at least 6 days per week b) use medium resistance with medium number of repetitions O c) use heavy resistance with few repetitions for multiple sets d) use light resistance with many repetitionsarrow_forward
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