General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 76P
How does a catalytic converter clean up automobile emissions?
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The citizens of the world burn the fossil fuel equivalent of 7 * 1012 kg of petroleum per year. Assume that all of this petroleum is in the form of octane (C8H18) and calculate how much CO2 (in kg) the world produces from fossil fuel combustion per year. (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the combustion of octane.) If the atmosphere currently contains approximately3 * 1015 kg of CO2, how long will it take for the world’s fossil fuel combustion to double the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
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Chapter 6 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1PPCh. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1PCh. 6.1 - Prob. 6.2PPCh. 6.1 - Prob. 6.2PCh. 6.2 - Using the values in Table 6.2, give H for each...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 6.4PPCh. 6.2 - Answer the following questions using the given...Ch. 6.2 - Given the H and balanced equation in Sample...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 6.6PPCh. 6.3 - Prob. 6.7PP
Ch. 6.4 - Consider the reaction of ozone (O3) with nitrogen...Ch. 6.4 - Draw an energy diagram for an uncatalyzed...Ch. 6.5 - Identify the forward and reverse reactions in each...Ch. 6.5 - Write the expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6.5 - Consider the reversible reaction AB, with K=1....Ch. 6.5 - Given each equilibrium constant, state whether the...Ch. 6.5 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 6.5 - Using the equilibrium mixture of reactants and...Ch. 6.5 - Calculate the equilibrium constant for each...Ch. 6.5 - Consider the representation depicted in the...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 6.13PPCh. 6.6 - Prob. 6.14PPCh. 6.6 - wThe conversion of H2O to H2 and O2 is an...Ch. 6.6 - The reaction of O2 with NO to form NO2 and O2 is...Ch. 6.6 - wIn which direction is the equilibrium shifted in...Ch. 6.6 - Label each statement about the following...Ch. 6 - Prob. 11PCh. 6 - Prob. 12PCh. 6 - Prob. 13PCh. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - Prob. 15PCh. 6 - Prob. 16PCh. 6 - Prob. 17PCh. 6 - Prob. 18PCh. 6 - Prob. 19PCh. 6 - Prob. 20PCh. 6 - Prob. 21PCh. 6 - Prob. 22PCh. 6 - Prob. 23PCh. 6 - Prob. 24PCh. 6 - Prob. 25PCh. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Prob. 27PCh. 6 - Ammonia ( NH3 ) decomposes to hydrogen and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 29PCh. 6 - Ethanol ( C2H6O ), a gasoline additive, is formed...Ch. 6 - Prob. 31PCh. 6 - Prob. 32PCh. 6 - Prob. 33PCh. 6 - Prob. 34PCh. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for the following reaction...Ch. 6 - Prob. 36PCh. 6 - State two reasons why increasing temperature...Ch. 6 - Why does decreasing concentration decrease the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 39PCh. 6 - Prob. 40PCh. 6 - Which of the following affect the rate of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 42PCh. 6 - How does a catalyst affect each of the following:...Ch. 6 - What is the difference between a catalyst and an...Ch. 6 - Prob. 45PCh. 6 - Consider the representation depicted in the...Ch. 6 - For each value, are the reactants or products...Ch. 6 - Prob. 48PCh. 6 - Prob. 49PCh. 6 - Prob. 50PCh. 6 - Prob. 51PCh. 6 - Consider three different equilibrium mixtures...Ch. 6 - Write an expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6 - Write an expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6 - Prob. 55PCh. 6 - Use each expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6 - Prob. 57PCh. 6 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 6 - Prob. 59PCh. 6 - Which of the following representations ([1][3]) of...Ch. 6 - Consider the following reaction....Ch. 6 - Consider the following reaction. H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)...Ch. 6 - Prob. 63PCh. 6 - Prob. 64PCh. 6 - Consider the reaction of N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g). What...Ch. 6 - Consider the reaction of H2(g)+F2(g)2HF(g). What...Ch. 6 - Prob. 67PCh. 6 - Consider the reversible reaction ABA+B, shown at...Ch. 6 - Consider the endothermic conversion of oxygen to...Ch. 6 - Consider the exothermic reaction:...Ch. 6 - Consider the exothermic reaction:...Ch. 6 - Consider the endothermic reaction:...Ch. 6 - Consider the gas-phase reaction of ethylene...Ch. 6 - Methanol (CHO), which is used as a fuel in race...Ch. 6 - Prob. 75PCh. 6 - How does a catalytic converter clean up automobile...Ch. 6 - Prob. 77PCh. 6 - The reaction of salicylic acid with acetic acid...Ch. 6 - Prob. 79PCh. 6 - Prob. 80PCh. 6 - Prob. 81PCh. 6 - Prob. 82PCh. 6 - Prob. 83CPCh. 6 - Prob. 84CP
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- Which of these fuel sources produces the least amount pollution when it is burned? O natural gas oil wood coalarrow_forwardFor the reaction 2N2O5(g) ® 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the following data were collected. t (minutes) [N2O5] (mol/L) 0 1.24 x 10–2 10 0.92 x 10–2 20 0.68 x10–2 30 0.50 x 10–2 40 0.37 x 10–2 50 0.28 ´ 10–2 70 0.15 ´ 10–2 The initial rate of production of NO2 for this reaction is approximately: A) 6.4 x10–4 mol/L • min B) 3.2 x10–4 mol/L • min C) 1.24 x 10–2 mol/L • min D) 1.6 x 10–4 mol/L • min E) none of thesearrow_forwardhow important is chemistry in solving ecological problems?arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the formation of coal and natural gas? A Coal and natural gas form from decaying marine organisms. The material is buried deep under the surface of Earth and exposed to extreme heat and pressure over millions of years. Natural gas forms from decaying plant material, and coal forms from decaying marine organisms. The material is buried deep under the surface of Earth and exposed to ex- treme heat and pressure over millions of years. Coal and natural gas form from decaying plant material. The material is buried deep un- der the surface of Earth and exposed to extreme heat and pressure over millions of years. Coal forms from decaying plant material, and natural gas forms from decaying marine organisms. The material is buried deep under the surface of Earth and exposed to ex- treme heat and pressure over millions of years.arrow_forwardFrom the discussion question from Module 5, recall the chemical equation for the combustion of gasoline (iso-octane, C8H18) is: 2C8H18 + 25O2 ---> 16CO2 + 18H2O This means that 2 moles of iso-octane combine with 25 moles of CO2 to produce 16 moles of CO2 and 18 moles of water. This is important for understanding the impact of fossil fuel use on the atmosphere because burning one mole of fuel adds a lot of CO2. Thinking about this in terms of the stoichiometry, and change in concentration, suppose we had 1.0 mole of iso-octane dissolved in 1.0 m3 of atmosphere. That means the concentration of carbon-containing molecules would be 1 mole per cubic meter. However, ff we burned all that iso-octane and convert the C8H18 into CO2 the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increases. How much does the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increase if 1.0 mole of C8H18 in 1.0 m3 of air is converted into CO2 as shown in the chemical equation above?arrow_forwardWhat is the role of environmental chemistry in the development of sustainable technologies?arrow_forward
- Use the information below to answer questions 1- 3. PCI,(g) 2 PCI;(g) + Cl2(8) PCI,(g) decomposes into PCI,(g) and Cl,(8) according to the equation above. A pure sample of PCI,(g) is placed in a rigid, evacuated 1.00 L container. The initial pressure of the PCI5(g) is 1.00 atm. The temperature is held constant until the PCI,(g) reaches equilibrium with its decomposition products. The figures below show the initial and equilibrium conditions of the system. PCI5 Potal = 1.00 atm PCI5, PCI3, and CI, Prstal = 1.40 atm Figure 1: Initial Figure 2: Equilibrium As the reaction progresses toward equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction (A) increases until it becomes the same as the reverse reaction rate at equilibrium (B) stays constant before and after equilibrium is reached (C) decreases to become a constant nonzero rate at equilibrium (D) decreases to become zero at equilibrium If the decomposition reaction were to go to completion, the total pressure in the container would be (A) 1.4…arrow_forwardWhat factors need to be controlled to make sure the comparison between fuels is reliable?arrow_forward10. Use the following information to answer Question 10. Some individuals are proponents of using propane fueled vehicles. The following two reactions are complete combustion reactions for propane and 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane (a component of gasoline) 1. 2. Combustion Reactions Answer C₂H₂(g) +5 O₂(g) → 3 CO₂(g) +4 H₂O(g) 2 C₂H₁ (1)+25 O₂(g) →>>> 16 CO₂ (g) +18 H₂O(g) Consider the two reactions shown above. From an environmental perspective, which reaction could be considered more environmentally friendly? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- part 1 Which of the following describes what happens when we burn fossil fuels to produce energy? A decrease in the overall temperature of the planet. Fossil fuels release greenhouse gases into the air. Fossil fuels release water and air to the atmosphere. A marked rise in the overall temperature of the planetarrow_forwardExplain why fuel efficiency is relevant and applicable to a daily energy consumer.arrow_forwardWhy do you think engineers believe that spraying, and not a steady stream of fuel, is more efficient?arrow_forward
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