General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 6, Problem 67P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Diagrams corresponding to each temperature should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The net concentrations of the reactants and products do not change at equilibrium. They are used to define an expression and the equilibrium constant (K) which has a characteristic value.
For a reaction at a given temperature,
Le Chatelier's principle is a general rule used to explain the effect of a change in reaction conditions on equilibrium.
Le Chatelier's principle states:
If a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, equilibrium will shift in the direction to counteract the change.
Endothermic reaction absorbs energy to drive the forward reaction.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 6 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1PPCh. 6.1 - Prob. 6.1PCh. 6.1 - Prob. 6.2PPCh. 6.1 - Prob. 6.2PCh. 6.2 - Using the values in Table 6.2, give H for each...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 6.4PPCh. 6.2 - Answer the following questions using the given...Ch. 6.2 - Given the H and balanced equation in Sample...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 6.6PPCh. 6.3 - Prob. 6.7PP
Ch. 6.4 - Consider the reaction of ozone (O3) with nitrogen...Ch. 6.4 - Draw an energy diagram for an uncatalyzed...Ch. 6.5 - Identify the forward and reverse reactions in each...Ch. 6.5 - Write the expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6.5 - Consider the reversible reaction AB, with K=1....Ch. 6.5 - Given each equilibrium constant, state whether the...Ch. 6.5 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 6.5 - Using the equilibrium mixture of reactants and...Ch. 6.5 - Calculate the equilibrium constant for each...Ch. 6.5 - Consider the representation depicted in the...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 6.13PPCh. 6.6 - Prob. 6.14PPCh. 6.6 - wThe conversion of H2O to H2 and O2 is an...Ch. 6.6 - The reaction of O2 with NO to form NO2 and O2 is...Ch. 6.6 - wIn which direction is the equilibrium shifted in...Ch. 6.6 - Label each statement about the following...Ch. 6 - Prob. 11PCh. 6 - Prob. 12PCh. 6 - Prob. 13PCh. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - Prob. 15PCh. 6 - Prob. 16PCh. 6 - Prob. 17PCh. 6 - Prob. 18PCh. 6 - Prob. 19PCh. 6 - Prob. 20PCh. 6 - Prob. 21PCh. 6 - Prob. 22PCh. 6 - Prob. 23PCh. 6 - Prob. 24PCh. 6 - Prob. 25PCh. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Prob. 27PCh. 6 - Ammonia ( NH3 ) decomposes to hydrogen and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 29PCh. 6 - Ethanol ( C2H6O ), a gasoline additive, is formed...Ch. 6 - Prob. 31PCh. 6 - Prob. 32PCh. 6 - Prob. 33PCh. 6 - Prob. 34PCh. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for the following reaction...Ch. 6 - Prob. 36PCh. 6 - State two reasons why increasing temperature...Ch. 6 - Why does decreasing concentration decrease the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 39PCh. 6 - Prob. 40PCh. 6 - Which of the following affect the rate of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 42PCh. 6 - How does a catalyst affect each of the following:...Ch. 6 - What is the difference between a catalyst and an...Ch. 6 - Prob. 45PCh. 6 - Consider the representation depicted in the...Ch. 6 - For each value, are the reactants or products...Ch. 6 - Prob. 48PCh. 6 - Prob. 49PCh. 6 - Prob. 50PCh. 6 - Prob. 51PCh. 6 - Consider three different equilibrium mixtures...Ch. 6 - Write an expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6 - Write an expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6 - Prob. 55PCh. 6 - Use each expression for the equilibrium constant...Ch. 6 - Prob. 57PCh. 6 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 6 - Prob. 59PCh. 6 - Which of the following representations ([1][3]) of...Ch. 6 - Consider the following reaction....Ch. 6 - Consider the following reaction. H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)...Ch. 6 - Prob. 63PCh. 6 - Prob. 64PCh. 6 - Consider the reaction of N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g). What...Ch. 6 - Consider the reaction of H2(g)+F2(g)2HF(g). What...Ch. 6 - Prob. 67PCh. 6 - Consider the reversible reaction ABA+B, shown at...Ch. 6 - Consider the endothermic conversion of oxygen to...Ch. 6 - Consider the exothermic reaction:...Ch. 6 - Consider the exothermic reaction:...Ch. 6 - Consider the endothermic reaction:...Ch. 6 - Consider the gas-phase reaction of ethylene...Ch. 6 - Methanol (CHO), which is used as a fuel in race...Ch. 6 - Prob. 75PCh. 6 - How does a catalytic converter clean up automobile...Ch. 6 - Prob. 77PCh. 6 - The reaction of salicylic acid with acetic acid...Ch. 6 - Prob. 79PCh. 6 - Prob. 80PCh. 6 - Prob. 81PCh. 6 - Prob. 82PCh. 6 - Prob. 83CPCh. 6 - Prob. 84CP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen to form methanol is quite slow at room temperature. As a general rule, reactions go faster at higher temperatures. Suppose that you tried to speed up this reaction by increasing the temperature. (a) Assuming that rH does not change very much as the temperature changes, what effect would increasing the temperature have on rSsurroundings? (b) Assuming that rS for a reaction System does not change much as the temperature changes, what effect would increasing the temperature have on rSuniverse?arrow_forwardHydrogenation, the addition of hydrogen to an organic compound, is an industrially important reaction. Calculate rH, rS, and rG for the hydrogenation of octene, C8H16, to give octane, C8H19 at 25 C. Is the reaction product- or reactant-favored at equilibrium? C8H16(g) + H2(g) C8H18(g) Along with data in Appendix L, the following information is needed for this calculation.arrow_forwardConsider the reaction N2O4(g)2NO2(g). Would you expect this reaction to be endothermic or exothermic? Why? N2O4 is a colorless gas; NO2 is red-brown. Would you expect a mixture of these gases to become more or less red-brown as you raise the temperature? Explain.arrow_forward
- When a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200. °C in a closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established. Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction. Use bond enthalpies from Table 6.2 ( Sec. 6-6b) to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction. Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium, the entropy effect or the energy effect? In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200. °C? Explain. Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift? Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?arrow_forwardSilver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow compound that decomposes when heated to give silver oxide and carbon dioxide: Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) A researcher measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide over a sample of silver carbonate at 220C and found that it was 1.37 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25C. The standard enthalpies of formation of silver carbonate and silver oxide at 25C are 505.9 kJ/mol and 31.05 kJ/mol, respectively. Make any reasonable assumptions in your calculations. State the assumptions that you make, and note why you think they are reasonable.arrow_forwardIndicate which of the following processes are reversible. (a) Nitrogen gas expands into a vacuum. (b) Dry ice, CO2(s), sublimes at 25 C and 1.0 atm. (c) Energy as heat is added to a mixture of ice and water at 0 C, causing some of the ice to melt. (d) Methanol and ethanol mix forming a homogeneous solution.arrow_forward
- Elemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 32 H2(g) B(s) + 3 HCl(g) Calculate rH, rS, and rG at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy- or entropy-driven? [S for B(s) is 5.86 J/K mol.]arrow_forwardClassify the following processes as exergonic or endergonic. Explain your answers. a.Any combustion process b.Perspiration evaporation from the skin c.Melted lead solidifying d.An explosive detonating e.An automobile being pushed up a slight hill from point of view of the automobilearrow_forwardDetermine whether the reactions listed below are entropy-favored or disfavored under standard conditions. Predict how an increase in temperature will affect the value of rG. (a) N2(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 NO2(g) (b) 2 C(s) + O2(g) 2 CO(g) (c) CaO(s) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) (d) 2 NaCl(s) 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g)arrow_forward
- Predict whether each of the following processes results in an increase in entropy in the system. (Define reactants and products as the system.) (a) Water vapor condenses to liquid water at 90 C and 1 atm pressure. (b) The exothermic reaction of Na(s) and Cl2(g) forms NaCl(s). (c) The endothermic reaction of H2 and I2 produces an equilibrium mixture of H2(g), I2(g), and HI(g). (d) Solid NaCl dissolves in water forming a saturated solution.arrow_forward9.96 Most first aid "cold packs" are based on the endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water: NH4NO3(s)NH4+(aq)+NO3(aq) H= 25.69 kJ A particular cold pack contains 50.0 g of NH4NO3 and 125.0 g of water. When the pack is squeezed, the NH4NO3dissolves in the water. If the pack and its contents are initially at 24.0°C, what is the lowest temperature that this bag could reach? (Assume that the ammonium nitrate solution has a specific heat of 4.25J g-l K-l, and that the heat capacity of the bag itself is small enough to be neglected.)arrow_forwardHypothetical elements A(g) and B(g) are introduced into a container and allowed to react according to the reaction A(g)+2B(g)AB2(g). The container depicts the reaction mixture after equilibrium has been attained. a Is the value of S for the reaction positive, negative, or zero? b Is the value of H for the reaction positive, negative, or zero? c Prior to equilibrium, is the value of G for the reaction positive, negative, or zero? d At equilibrium, is the value of G for the reaction positive, negative, or zero?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Chemical Equilibria and Reaction Quotients; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GiZzCzmO5Q;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY