Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021558
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.51P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The validation of the given statement, “Increasing temperature increases reaction rate” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: According to Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium of the reaction shift towards the side that involves absorption of heat when the temperature is increased. The kinetic energy of molecules increases on increasing the temperature. It results in the faster rate of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The validation of the given statement, “If a reaction is fast, it has a large rate constant” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rate constant is represented by k. It affects the rate of a reaction. Both the rate of a reaction and rate constant are directly related.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The validation of the given statement, “A fast reaction has a large negative ΔG° value” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy is represented by ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° respectively. They are state functions. The relation of ΔG° with ΔH° and ΔS° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction. The change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance, whereas the change in entropy describes the randomness in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The validation of the given statement, “When Ea is large, the rate constant k is also large” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The activation energy (Ea) aids in determining the rate of the chemical reactions. The small value of Ea implies that less energy is required to convert the reactants into products, which further increases the rate of reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The validation of the given statement, “Fast reactions have equilibrium constants >1” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy is represented by ΔG°. It is a state function. The value of ΔG° depends on Keq. The free energy change is calculated as,

ΔG°=2.303RTlogKeq

If the ΔG° is greater than zero and Keq is smaller than one, then the formation of starting material is favored at equilibrium. However, if the ΔG° is smaller than zero and Keq is greater than one, the formation of product is favored at equilibrium. The equilibrium constant does not influence the rate of reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The validation of the given statement, “Increasing the concentration of a reactant always increases the rate of a reaction” is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The concentration of a reaction influences the rate of a reaction. The increase in concentration of a starting material results in increase of the rate of a reaction.

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Label each statement as true or false. Correct any false statement to make it true.a. Increasing temperature increases reaction rate.b. If a reaction is fast, it has a large rate constant.c. A fast reaction has a large negative ?G° value.d. When Ea is large, the rate constant k is also large.e. Fast reactions have equilibrium constants > 1.f. Increasing the concentration of a reactant always increases the rate of a reaction.
Label each statement as true or false. Correct any false statement to make it true. a. Increasing temperature increases reaction rate. b. If a reaction is fast, it has a large rate constant. c. A fast reaction has a large negative ΔG° value. d. When Ea is large, the rate constant k is also large. e. Fast reactions have equilibrium constants > 1. f. Increasing the concentration of a reactant always increases the rate of a reaction.
Consider the following energy diagram. a.How many steps are involved in this reaction? b. Label ΔHo and Ea for each step, and label ΔHooverall. c.Label each transition state. d.Which point on the graph corresponds to a reactive intermediate? e.Which step is rate-determining? f. Is the overall reaction endothermic or exothermic?

Chapter 6 Solutions

Organic Chemistry

Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - The equilibrium constant for the conversion of the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.13PCh. 6 - For a reaction with H=40kJ/mol, decide which of...Ch. 6 - For a reaction with H=20kJ/mol, decide which of...Ch. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for a reaction in which the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.17PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.18PCh. 6 - Problem 6.19 Consider the following energy...Ch. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for a two-step reaction,...Ch. 6 - Which value if any corresponds to a faster...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.22PCh. 6 - Problem 6.23 For each rate equation, what effect...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.24PCh. 6 - Identify the catalyst in each equation. a....Ch. 6 - Draw the products of homolysis or heterolysis of...Ch. 6 - Explain why the bond dissociation energy for bond...Ch. 6 - Classify each transformation as substitution,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.29PCh. 6 - 6.30 Draw the products of each reaction by...Ch. 6 - 6.31 (a) Add curved arrows for each step to show...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.32PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.33PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.34PCh. 6 - Calculate H for each reaction. a HO+CH4CH3+H2O b...Ch. 6 - Homolysis of the indicated CH bond in propene...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.37PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.38PCh. 6 - 6.39. a. Which value corresponds to a negative...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.40PCh. 6 - For which of the following reaction is S a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.42PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.43PCh. 6 - 6.44 Consider the following reaction: . Use curved...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.45PCh. 6 - Draw an energy diagram for the Bronsted-Lowry...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.47PCh. 6 - Indicate which factors affect the rate of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.49PCh. 6 - 6.50 The conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.51PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.52PCh. 6 - The conversion of (CH3)3Cl to (CH3)2C=CH2 can...Ch. 6 - 6.54 Explain why is more acidic than , even...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.55PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.56PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.57PCh. 6 - Although Keq of equation 1 in problem 6.57 does...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.59P
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