Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 52.4, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? → You suspect that deer are restricting the distribution of a tree species by preferentially eating the seedlings of the tree. How might you test this hypothesis?
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Imagine a population of cacti living on an imaginary island called Plantopia. These cacti evolved to stop producing spines because there are no herbivores on Plantopia. Every year, a few cactus seeds are washed onto the shores of Plantopia from the mainland. There are many large herbivores on the mainland. (Tip: Try drawing the scenario to help you visualize it.)
Name three mechanisms of evolutionary change ( 3 of mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, andgene flow.) that may be acting on alleles for spine production on Plantopia. For each mechanism, explain what effect it may have on spine production, and whether this change is adaptive or non-adaptive.
. According to the video and the background information, what are the effects (direct and indirect) that elephants have on acacias? (Select all that apply.)
Elephants can feed on and destroy individual acacia trees not protected by ants.
Browsing by elephants induces the acacias to provide food and shelter to the ants.
Loss of browsing by elephants eventually leads to the decrease of ant colonization of acacias.
Reduced nutritional and physical support of ants by acacias due to loss of browsing by elephants allows other ant species and stem-boring beetles to inhabit the trees.
video link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3blzcbll7Q&t=293s
Thinking Critically
What factors influence the distribution of organisms within a community? How are these distributions described? Why is random distribution so rare?
Chapter 52 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 52.1 - Explain how the sun's unequal heating of Earth's...Ch. 52.1 - What are some of the differences in microclimate...Ch. 52.1 - WHAT IF? Changes in Earth's climate at the end of...Ch. 52.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Focusing just on the effects of...Ch. 52.2 - Based on the climograph in Figure 52.10, what...Ch. 52.2 - Using Figure 52.12, identify the natural biome in...Ch. 52.2 - WHAT IF? If global warming increases average...Ch. 52.3 - Why are phytoplankton, and not benthic algae or...Ch. 52.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 52.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As noted in Figure 52.15, the...
Ch. 52.4 - Give examples of human actions that could expand a...Ch. 52.4 - WHAT IF? You suspect that deer are restricting...Ch. 52.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Hawaiian silverswords under-went...Ch. 52.5 - Describe a scenario showing how ecological change...Ch. 52.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Commercial fisheries target...Ch. 52 - Suppose global air circulation suddenly reversed,...Ch. 52 - Prob. 52.2CRCh. 52 - Prob. 52.3CRCh. 52 - Interactions between organisms and the environment...Ch. 52 - Suppose humans introduced a species to a new...Ch. 52 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Which of the...Ch. 52 - Which lake zone would be absent in a very shallow...Ch. 52 - Which of the following is characteristic of most...Ch. 52 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 52 - When climbing a mountain, we can observe...Ch. 52 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 52 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 52 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Discuss how the distribution...Ch. 52 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Jens Clausen and colleagues, at...Ch. 52 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Global warming...Ch. 52 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE If you were to hike up...
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- WHAT IF? Suppose a scientist finds that a populationof plants growing in a breezy location is more prone toherbivory by insects than a population of the samespecies growing in a sheltered area. Suggest a hypothesisto account for this observation.arrow_forwardConsider why there might be natural selection for poisonous plants to warn potential herbivores with bright colors, but why there seems to be no similar selective pressure for poisonous mushrooms to do the same. Which of the following best explains this difference? a) Fungi, like mushrooms, do not rely on photosynthesis and hence do not need to attract or warn herbivores with bright colors. Plants have a symbiotic relationship with herbivores, which is not the case for mushrooms. Mushrooms are typically more toxic than plants, so there is no need for them to develop warning colors. Most of a fungus's body is the mycelium which exists underground, hence consumption of the above-ground mushroom cap represents a comparatively smaller fitness cost than for plants, whose vital photosynthetic structures can be consumed by herbivores.arrow_forwardAn example of niche differentiation? *both forage in trees for insects and seeds *when sympatric, chestnut-backed tends to forage in higher branches than black-capped Chestnut-backed Chickadee Black-capped Chickadee ( - Black-capped (----) Chestnut - backed O Mike Hopiak 40 80 00 120 140 HEIGHT (feet) FiG. 1. Comparison of feeding heights of Black-capped and Chestnut-backed chicka If chestnut-backed currently forage in the upper branches and black-backed currently forage in the lower branches because of niche differentiation (i.e. evolutionary change in resource use caused by competition in the past), what would you expect the fundamental and realized niche to be for these two species? The fundamental niche of chestnut-backed is [ Select ] The realized niche of chestnut-backed is [ Select ] The fundamental niche of black-backed is [ Select ] The realized niche of black-backed is [ Select ] NUMBER OF BIRDS (per cent)arrow_forward
- P Parchment Exchange - Leader in X dgenuity.com/Player/ SC5181 A 7 G how would scientists describe th X Match the statement with the type of distribution it describes. Random Sheetweb weavers (spiders) living only where insects are plentiful Mark this and return plants that use wind to disperse seeds no predictable pattern. no territoriality exists :: redwood trees growing equidistant from each other to get enough light Show is point intercept used to de x Oll DELL :: territoriality exists :: plants that secrete toxins to inhibit growth of nearby individuals + A :: animals that have territories with well-defined borders Save and Exit Q Next G Sign out English V Oct 27 ☆ * 0 ⠀ Uniform Submit Kinley Heath X 2:21 0arrow_forwardScenario 4: On your frequent trips to Costa Rica you have seen that there are certain trees that have ants that live on them and the same species of trees without ants. Trees that have ants living on them show little sign of being eaten by herbivores (deer, cows, etc.), but trees without ants are severely injured by herbivores. You think that ants may protect these trees somehow from herbivores. Prompt Response What question might you ask? What is your hypothesis? What is your prediction? What are your independent and dependent variables? How would you experimentally test your hypothesis? Be sure to identify your control and treatment groups. Scenario 5: VWhile walking in a park, you see lush growth of a certain plant in some areas, but very poorarrow_forwardScenario 4: On your frequent trips to Costa Rica you have seen that there are certain trees that have ants that live on them and the same species of trees without ants. Trees that have ants living on them show little sign of being eaten by herbivores (deer, cows, etc.), but trees without ants are severely injured by herbivores. You think that ants may protect these trees somehow from herbivores. Prompt Response What question might you ask? What is your hypothesis? What is your prediction? What are your independent and dependent variables? How would you experimentally test your hypothesis? Be sure to identify your control and treatment groups. Scenario 5: While walking in a park, you see lush growth of a certain plant in some areas, but very poor light and moisture between these areasarrow_forward
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