Fundamentals of Biostatistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305268920
Author: Bernard Rosner
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 82P
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erik measured the area of scallops in two places in florida and used an appropriate hypothesis test to examine whether there was a difference in the area of scallops in these two places. Type II error occurred when erik performed his hypothesis test. What happened?
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In fact, there is a difference in the average surface area of scallops in these two places, but erik could not draw any conclusions from his hypothesis test.
The purpose of a study was to determine the effectiveness of segmental wire fixation in athletes with spondylolysis. Between 1993 and 2000, 20 athletes (6 women and 14 men) with lumbar spondylolysis were treated surgically with the technique. The following table gives the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) evaluation score for lower back pain syndrome for men and women prior to the surgery. The lower score indicates less pain. Assume that the two populations of pain scores are normally distributed with equal variances.
Gender JOA scores
Female 14, 13, 24, 21, 20, 21
Male 21, 26, 24, 24, 22, 23, 18, 24, 13, 22, 25, 23, 21, 25
What is the pooled variance? (Answer was calculated using 3 decimals places for intermediate steps.)
Chapter 5 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Ch. 5.4 - What is the difference between a...Ch. 5.4 - Suppose a continuous random variable can only take...Ch. 5.4 - What is a standard normal distribution?Ch. 5.4 - (a) What is the area to the left of 0.2 under a...Ch. 5.4 - (a) What is z.30? What does it mean? (b) What is...Ch. 5.5 - What is the difference between a standard normal...Ch. 5.5 - What does the principle of standardization mean?Ch. 5.5 - Suppose the distribution of serum-cholesterol...Ch. 5.8 - Why do we use the normal approximation to the...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. C.2RE
Ch. 5.8 - The prevalence of glaucoma among the elderly in...Ch. 5.8 - The number of deaths from heart failure in a...Ch. 5 - Because serum cholesterol is related to age and...Ch. 5 - Because serum cholesterol is related to age and...Ch. 5 - Because serum cholesterol is related to age and...Ch. 5 - Because serum cholesterol is related to age and...Ch. 5 - Because serum cholesterol is related to age and...Ch. 5 - Suppose that total carbohydrate intake in 12- to...Ch. 5 - Suppose that total carbohydrate intake in 12- to...Ch. 5 - Suppose boys in this age range who live below the...Ch. 5 - Suppose boys in this age range who live below the...Ch. 5 - A study was conducted assessing the effect of...Ch. 5 - A study was conducted assessing the effect of...Ch. 5 - The duration of cigarette smoking has been linked...Ch. 5 - The duration of cigarette smoking has been linked...Ch. 5 - Serum cholesterol is an important risk factor for...Ch. 5 - Serum cholesterol is an important risk factor for...Ch. 5 - Serum cholesterol is an important risk factor for...Ch. 5 - People are classified as hypertensive if their...Ch. 5 - People are classified as hypertensive if their...Ch. 5 - People are classified as hypertensive if their...Ch. 5 - People are classified as hypertensive if their...Ch. 5 - Forced expiratory volume (FEV) is an index of...Ch. 5 - Forced expiratory volume (FEV) is an index of...Ch. 5 - Forced expiratory volume (FEV) is an index of...Ch. 5 - Forced expiratory volume (FEV) is an index of...Ch. 5 - The differential is a standard measurement made...Ch. 5 - The differential is a standard measurement made...Ch. 5 - The differential is a standard measurement made...Ch. 5 - The differential is a standard measurement made...Ch. 5 - The differential is a standard measurement made...Ch. 5 - The differential is a standard measurement made...Ch. 5 - Blood Chemistry In pharmacologic research a...Ch. 5 - Blood Chemistry In pharmacologic research a...Ch. 5 - Blood Chemistry In pharmacologic research a...Ch. 5 - In pharmacologic research a variety of clinical...Ch. 5 - Blood Chemistry In pharmacologic research a...Ch. 5 - A treatment trial is proposed to test the efficacy...Ch. 5 - A treatment trial is proposed to test the efficacy...Ch. 5 - A treatment trial is proposed to test the efficacy...Ch. 5 - Is the measure in Problem 5.38 a measure of...Ch. 5 - A treatment trial is proposed to test the efficacy...Ch. 5 - Refer to the pulmonary-function data in the Data...Ch. 5 - Prob. 43PCh. 5 - Refer to the pulmonary-function data in the Data...Ch. 5 - Prob. 45PCh. 5 - A clinical trial was conducted to test the...Ch. 5 - Well-known racial differences in blood pressure...Ch. 5 - Well-known racial differences in blood pressure...Ch. 5 - Prob. 49PCh. 5 - Suppose we observe 84 alcoholics with cirrhosis of...Ch. 5 - What is the probability of observing at least 29...Ch. 5 - Suppose we observe 84 alcoholics with cirrhosis of...Ch. 5 - FIGURE 5.22 Plasma-aldosterone concentrations in...Ch. 5 - FIGURE 5.22 Plasma-aldosterone concentrations in...Ch. 5 - Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus...Ch. 5 - Officials in the State Health Department are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 57PCh. 5 - A study was conducted relating particulate air...Ch. 5 - Prob. 59PCh. 5 - Refer to Data Set VALID.DAT (at...Ch. 5 - Refer to Data Set VALID.DAT (at...Ch. 5 - Prob. 62PCh. 5 - A study concerned the risk of cancer among...Ch. 5 - Prob. 64PCh. 5 - A doctor diagnoses a patient as hypertensive and...Ch. 5 - A doctor diagnoses a patient as hypertensive and...Ch. 5 - Suppose the physician is not sure whether the...Ch. 5 - A study compared different treatments for...Ch. 5 - A study compared different treatments for...Ch. 5 - A study compared different treatments for...Ch. 5 - Obesity is an important determinant of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 72PCh. 5 - Prob. 73PCh. 5 - Prob. 74PCh. 5 - Prob. 75PCh. 5 - Prob. 76PCh. 5 - Answer the question in Problem 5.75 for a binomial...Ch. 5 - Prob. 78PCh. 5 - Prob. 79PCh. 5 - Prob. 81PCh. 5 - Prob. 82PCh. 5 - Prob. 83PCh. 5 - Prob. 85PCh. 5 - Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic ocular...Ch. 5 - Prob. 87PCh. 5 - Prob. 88PCh. 5 - Prob. 89PCh. 5 - Physicians recommend that children with type-I...Ch. 5 - Physicians recommend that children with type-I...Ch. 5 - Prob. 92PCh. 5 - Prob. 93PCh. 5 - Prob. 94PCh. 5 - Prob. 95PCh. 5 - A previous study found that people consuming large...Ch. 5 - A previous study found that people consuming large...Ch. 5 - Prob. 98PCh. 5 - A study was recently published in Western...Ch. 5 - Prob. 100PCh. 5 - Prob. 101PCh. 5 - Prob. 102PCh. 5 - Prob. 103PCh. 5 - Prob. 104PCh. 5 - Prob. 105PCh. 5 - What is the 40th percentile of a normal...Ch. 5 - What is the sum of the 40th and 60th percentiles...Ch. 5 - What is z.90?Ch. 5 - A study was performed of different predictors of...Ch. 5 - A study was performed of different predictors of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 111PCh. 5 - Prob. 112PCh. 5 - Cancer The Shanghai Womens Health Study (SWHS) was...Ch. 5 - Prob. 114PCh. 5 - Prob. 115PCh. 5 - Prob. 116PCh. 5 - Prob. 117PCh. 5 - Prob. 118PCh. 5 - Prob. 119PCh. 5 - Prob. 120PCh. 5 - Prob. 121PCh. 5 - Prob. 122PCh. 5 - Prob. 123PCh. 5 - Prob. 124PCh. 5 - Hypertension Blood pressure readings are known to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 126PCh. 5 - Prob. 127PCh. 5 - Prob. 128PCh. 5 - Prob. 129PCh. 5 - Prob. 130P
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- Does second order slip perform better than the first order slip ?Justify your answer with evidencearrow_forwardThe purpose of a study was to determine the effectiveness of segmental wire fixation in athletes with spondylolysis. Between 1993 and 2000, 20 athletes (6 women and 14 men) with lumbar spondylolysis were treated surgically with the technique. The following table gives the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) evaluation score for lower back pain syndrome for men and women prior to the surgery. The lower score indicates less pain. Assume that the two populations of pain scores are normally distributed with equal variances. Gender JOA scoresFemale 14, 13, 24, 21, 20, 21Male 21, 26, 24, 24, 22, 23, 18, 24, 13, 22, 25, 23, 21, 25 What is the upper AND lower bound of a 90% confidence interval for the difference in means? (Hint: Use Female – Male)arrow_forwardWhat does normalization mean in Bayes' Theorem?arrow_forward
- What determines whether we use the z-test or the t-test?arrow_forwardIn a Munich high school, A class has 20 students, the instructor gave two exams, one take home exam and one live exam. He inspected the answers of the students and scored them for their similarity to rest of the class. (in the picture) Was the similarity of the answers higher in the Take Home exam or Live Exam? Perform a hypothesis test on differences to make your decision, use α = 0.05.(Non-parametric Test)arrow_forwardA test was being done on whether people can throw a ball further with their dominant hand versus their non-dominant hand, To test this, a random sample of five people were selected and they were asked to throw a ball with their dominant and their non- dominant hand. The distance the ball was thrown (in feet) was recorded. The data is given below. Test the claim that the distance a person throws with their dominant hand is more than with their non-dominant hand at the a=0.05 level of significance. Student A Non-Dominant 28 14 27 18 26 Dominant 30 26 24 19 26 Calculator Function [ Select ] [Select] 2-SampT Test X^2-Test 2-PropZTest ANOVA 2-SampFTest T-Test ( Select] v sufficient evidence that the distance a person throws with their dominant hand is ( Select] v than with their non-dominant handarrow_forward
- Label the hypothesis as null or alternative A new experimental medicine has no effect on high blood pressure. O Alternative O Nullarrow_forwardEinar Óli has measured the area of scallops on two places in Breiðafjörður and used a t-test to investigate whether there is a difference in the area of scallops in those two places. A type-ll error occurred when Einar Óli conducted his hypothesis test. What happened? 1. There is no difference in the average area of scallops at those two places but Einar Óli rejected the alternative hypothesis and concluded that there difference. 2. There is no difference in the average area of scallops at those two places but Einar Óli concluded that there is a difference. 3. There is no difference in the average area of scallops at those two places but Einar Óli made no claims. 4. There is a difference in the average area of scallops at those two places but Einar Óli made no claims. 5. OR-command:arrow_forwardBased on the results presented, did the exercise intervention groups still receive a health benefit even if significant weight loss did not occur? Explain.arrow_forward
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