Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 6RQ
What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes?
- identification of the cell
- flexibility of the membrane
- strengthening the membrane
- channels through membrane
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Why do glycolipids exist almost exclusively on the exterior side, but not on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane?
Flippase move the glycolipids to this side of the membrane.
The inner layer of the membrane is not thick enough to accommodate carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are only added to lipids on the lumen side of the ER and Golgi membranes.
Carbohydrates are removed from the cytoplasmic side by glycosylase enzymes.
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proteins are inserted into the membrane rather than being loosely associated with its surface.
mosaic
cholesterol
O integral
aminoacyl
fluid
peripheral
Which of the following cellular activity or function requires the presence of carbohydrates on membranes?
for the transport of ions from outside to inside of the cell
formation of cell junctions
for N- or O-glycosylation
cell-cell recognition
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 5 - Figure 5.12 A doctor injects a patient with what...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.16 Injecting a potassium solution into a...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.19 If the pH outside the cell decreases,...Ch. 5 - Which plasma membrane component can be either...Ch. 5 - Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes...Ch. 5 - What is the primary function of carbohydrates...Ch. 5 - A scientist compares the plasma membrane...Ch. 5 - Water moves via osmosis. throughout the cytoplasm...Ch. 5 - The principal force driving movement in diffusion...Ch. 5 - What problem is faced by organisms that live in...
Ch. 5 - In which situation would passive transport not use...Ch. 5 - Active transport must function continuously...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump make the...Ch. 5 - What is the combination of an electrical gradient...Ch. 5 - What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after...Ch. 5 - Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells...Ch. 5 - In what important way does receptor-mediated...Ch. 5 - Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-...Ch. 5 - Which of the following organelles relies on...Ch. 5 - Imagine a cell can perform exocytosis, but only...Ch. 5 - Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be...Ch. 5 - Why do phospholipids rend to spontaneously orient...Ch. 5 - How can a cell use an extracellular peripheral...Ch. 5 - Discuss why the following affect the rate of...Ch. 5 - Why does water move through a membrane?Ch. 5 - Both of the regular intravenous solutions...Ch. 5 - Describe two ways that decreasing temperature...Ch. 5 - A cell develops a mutation in its potassium...Ch. 5 - Where does the cell get energy for active...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to...Ch. 5 - Glucose from digested food enters intestinal...Ch. 5 - The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) transports...Ch. 5 - Why is it important that there are different types...Ch. 5 - Why do ions have a difficult time getting through...
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- Which of the following subcellular structures facilitates intracellular transport? lysosomes peroxisomes vesicles ribosomesarrow_forwardWhat is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes? O recognition of cells channels through membrane keep the membrane fluidarrow_forwardLipid movement showing migration of the lipid from one monolayer to another is called? flexion lateral diffusion flip-flop rotationarrow_forward
- Which of the following are important factors in the folding of globular proteins in the cytosol? Select as many as apply. Non-polar side chains are normally found on the exterior of proteins Proteins are hydrophobic polymers The cytosol is an aqueous environment. Non-polar side chains tend to group together away from water Proteins are composed of nucleotides Proteins contain both polar and non-polar side chains Peptide bonds are very weak and easily brokenarrow_forwardWhich of the following components is attached to lipids and proteins on the extracellular side of the membrane? Group of answer choices cholesterol peripheral proteins carbohydrates integral proteinsarrow_forwardIn the cell membrane, a bilayer exist wherein hydrophobic ends occupy the outside layer of the micelle O phospholipid hydrocarbon chains (tails) face each other ions freely move in and out of the membrane regardless of concentration gradient diffusion is the only mechanism in which nutrients can go in and out of the cell Enzymes are important because they make biochemical reactions possible they are insoluble in aqueous solution they produce more substrates that are needed in the body they block inhibitors Penicillin works as an antibiotic by A. inducing allosteric inhibition in lipases B. lowering the energy of activation of reactants C. attacking the double bond present in saturated fats D. inhibiting the enzyme that forms cell walls of bacteria O O O O O O O Oarrow_forward
- What is the cause of the impermeability of plasma membranes to water-soluble molecules? Group of answer choices the nonpolar nature of water presence of phospholipid bilayer with a nonpolar/hydrophobic interior region presence of transmembrane proteins the presence of cellulosearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about a typical plasma membrane is correct? The hydrophilic interior of the membrane is composed primarily of the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids. Carbohydrates on the membrane surface are important in determing the overall bilayer structure. Phospholipids are the primary component that determines which solute can cross the plasma membrane. The two sides of the plasma membrane have different lipid and protein composition. The plasma membrane is covalently linked network of phospholipids and proteins that controls the movement of solutes into and out of a cell.arrow_forwardEukaryotic membrane fluidity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms? cell bio increasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids increasing the number of straight-chain fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the degree of unsaturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cellarrow_forward
- The carbohydrate on glycosylated protein or lipids in membrane functions DOES NOT include (choose all that apply) cell to cell recognition transport of ions protection from mechanical damage facilitates white blood cell motilityarrow_forwardEukaryotic membrane fluidity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms? increasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids decreasing the number of branched chain fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cell increasing the degree of saturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipidsarrow_forwardMolecules which do not require channel proteins to move across a cell membrane____________ are lipid soluble are lipid insoluble are hydrophilic must always be moved from a point of low concentration to high concentrationarrow_forward
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