Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5SQ
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The chemical basis for the name of hydrolase that is used in the
Introduction:
Digestion is breakdown of larger food particles into smaller food particles. The digestive system hydrolyzes macro molecules which can be carbohydrates, proteins and fats present in the food into their respective subunit and absorb these subunit molecules and eliminate the waste.
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Your digestive system uses a variety of enzymes to break down large food molecules into smaller ones that your cells can assimilate. A generic name for a digestive enzyme is hydrolase. What is the chemical basis for that name?
Digestive Enzymes
Digestive enzymes are protein-based biological catalysts that have important roles in our lives. They
help remove stains from our clothing, turn milk into cheese, and are responsible for turning our dinner
into usable fuel for our bodies. Enzymes, however, do not work well universally. Some are meant to
work at high temperatures, others at low temperatures. They may work best in acidic conditions or
neutral conditions.
In this activity, the optimal conditions for two different digestive enzymes will be considered. Lipase
is made in the pancreas and breaks down lipids in the small intestine. Pepsin breaks down proteins in
the stomach.
triglycerides
polypeptides
Enzymes and Cellular Regulation
Rate of reaction
a. pepsin
b. lipase
lipase
pepsin
glycerol + fatty acids
PH
small peptides + amino acids
Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
8
10
12
14
Pepsin (stomach)
-Lipase
1. In which body organ is pepsin active?
2. In which body organ is pancreatic lipase active?
3. For each…
create a flow chart or diagram to illustrate the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. The starting carbohydrate molecules are starch, sucrose, lactose, glycogen, and cellulose. What will happen to these carbohydrates once we ingest them?
Include the following from your flow chart or diagram:
1) the location or site where the digestion or absorption occurs
2) the enzymes
3) the products generated at each site or location
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SQCh. 5 - ______ is the capacity to perform work, while...Ch. 5 - The label on a candy bar says that it contains 150...Ch. 5 - Why does removing a phosphate group from the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5SQCh. 5 - Explain how an inhibitor can disrupt an enzymes...Ch. 5 - If someone at the other end of a room smokes a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8SQCh. 5 - What is the primary difference between passive and...Ch. 5 - Which of these types of cellular transport...
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- The catalytic activity of enzymes depends on the presence of appropriate environmental conditions. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the stomach and facilitates the digestion of large proteins. If pepsin is removed from this acidic environment of the stomach and is instead placed in a more basic environment, it will cease to function. Describe the specific effect that a change in environmental pH will have on pepsin and explain how this change can lead to inhibition of its catalytic activity. Respond in 4 to 6 complete sentences.arrow_forwardHow does hydrochloric acid aid in the digestion of food? Hydrochloric acid breaks down the peptide bonds, glycosidic bonds, and acid anhydride bonds among proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids respectively. Hydrochloric acid does not really participate in the digestion of food; however, the acidic environment due to HCl activates pepsinogen which will be converted into pepsin that breaks down peptide bond between amino acids in a polypeptide. Hydrochloric acid is the gastric juice that stops lipid digestion in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid initiates carbohydrate and protein digestion in the stomach.arrow_forwardConsider the graphs and answer the following question: Pepsin amylase Alkaline phosphatase M 123 4567 8 9 10 PH Which enzyme would you expect to find in salivary glands (which produce saliva as you begin chewing food)? Pepsin Amylase Phosphatase None of these 1000arrow_forward
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