Chapter 5, Problem 5C.3BE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The overall mole fraction of aniline in the given mixture under given conditions has to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The mole fraction is used as the unit to express the concentration.  It is calculated by taking the ratio of number of mole of a particular component to the total number of moles of the mixture.  It is given by the formula as,

    $x_{\text{a}}=\frac{n_{\text{a}}}{n_{\text{total}}}$

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relative amount of two phases has to be stated using the lever rule.

Concept introduction: The lever rule is used to determine the relative amount of the components in the phases which are represented in the phase diagram.  According to the lever rule, the ratio of composition of each phase of a component is equal to the ratio of distances in the phase diagram.  It is represented by the formula as,

    $\frac{n_{\alpha }}{n_{\beta }}=\frac{l_{\beta }}{l_{\alpha }}$