(a) Interpretation: The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified. Concept introduction: A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp 3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(b)

The number of total configurational isomers of the given molecule is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers which differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms and are non-superimposable on its mirror image are called chiral molecules. The asymmetric center in the molecule is called chiral center.

The maximum number of stereoisomers which can exist for a given molecule is calculated by the formula 2n where n is the number of chiral centers in the molecule.

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Problem: Which of the following molecules are chiral? Identify the chirality center(s) in each. (a) CH3 (b) CH2CH2CH3 (c) CH3CH2 H-N.

Problem: Use the molecules below to answer the questions. (a) List one pair of enantiomers, if any. (b) List one pair of diastereomers, if any. (c) List one meso compound, if any. (d) How many total configurational isomers are possible for compound 2? онно CH 3 он но H QH H CH3 CH 3 CH3 H OH но. „CH3 H он H H. "CH 3 H H "CH3 H H3C H3C 4 3 1

Compounds with several chiral centres may have configurations referred to as meso. Meso configurations arise when the molecule can adopt a configuration with an internal mirror plane. When this occurs, the mirror image of a molecule with an internal mirror plane is an identical configuration. Thus, even though the molecule may possess several chiral centres, they are reflection of each other (within the molecule) thus resulting in an achiral meso form. This occurs for example for tartaric acid (Figure 3.1). Because of this, tartaric acid only has three stereoisomers instead of four. It has the two chiral (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers, and the meso form. Figure 3.1. Stereoisomers of tartaric acid. Given the information above on meso forms, how many different stereoisomers do compounds A to D (Figure 3.2) have? Figure 3.2. Structure of compounds A, B, C and D.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(b)

The number of total configurational isomers of the given molecule is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers which differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms and are non-superimposable on its mirror image are called chiral molecules. The asymmetric center in the molecule is called chiral center.

The maximum number of stereoisomers which can exist for a given molecule is calculated by the formula 2n where n is the number of chiral centers in the molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(b)

The number of total configurational isomers of the given molecule is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers which differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms and are non-superimposable on its mirror image are called chiral molecules. The asymmetric center in the molecule is called chiral center.

The maximum number of stereoisomers which can exist for a given molecule is calculated by the formula 2n where n is the number of chiral centers in the molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(b)

The number of total configurational isomers of the given molecule is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers which differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms and are non-superimposable on its mirror image are called chiral molecules. The asymmetric center in the molecule is called chiral center.

The maximum number of stereoisomers which can exist for a given molecule is calculated by the formula 2n where n is the number of chiral centers in the molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(b)

The number of total configurational isomers of the given molecule is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers which differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms and are non-superimposable on its mirror image are called chiral molecules. The asymmetric center in the molecule is called chiral center.

The maximum number of stereoisomers which can exist for a given molecule is calculated by the formula 2n where n is the number of chiral centers in the molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers in the given molecule are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

A chiral center is a tetrahedral stereocenter. The atom at the chiral center must be sp3 hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups. Carbon and nitrogen are both capable of forming four bonds, therefore, they can be chiral centers if bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(b)

The number of total configurational isomers of the given molecule is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers which differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms and are non-superimposable on its mirror image are called chiral molecules. The asymmetric center in the molecule is called chiral center.

The maximum number of stereoisomers which can exist for a given molecule is calculated by the formula 2n where n is the number of chiral centers in the molecule.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

(b)

The number of total configurational isomers of the given molecule is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Stereoisomers which differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms and are non-superimposable on its mirror image are called chiral molecules. The asymmetric center in the molecule is called chiral center.

The maximum number of stereoisomers which can exist for a given molecule is calculated by the formula 2n where n is the number of chiral centers in the molecule.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.2P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.3P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.6P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.7P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.8P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that chiral centers are tetrahedral stereocenters that are hybridized and bonded to four different atoms or groups.

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