Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.45E
(a) At
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Ammonia reacts with water in liquid ammonia solution according to the equation:
NH3(g) + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH−
The change in enthalpy for this reaction is 21 kJ/mol, and ΔS° = −303 J/(mol·K). What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at the boiling point of liquid ammonia (−31°C)?
a) For the reaction given in Part A, how much heat is absorbed when 2.70 mol of AA reacts? (the image attached)
b) For the reaction given in Part A, ΔS∘rxn is 39.0 J/K . What is the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction, ΔG∘rxn?
Consider the Haber process at 500 ºC: N, (g) + 3H, (g)=2NH; (g) with a AH of reaction equal to
-92 kJ/mol. How would the equilibrium be influenced by each of the following changes?
• Increasing the temperature - left, right, or no effect?
• Increasing the volume – left, right, or no effect?
• Increasing the pressure
• Adding He (g) to the system – left, right, or no effect?
• Adding N2 (g) to the system - left, right, or no effect?
• Adding catalytic Pt (s) to the system – left, right, or no effect?
- left, right, or no effect?
Below is a hypothetical reaction and a table showing the initial concentrations of substances in the
reaction. If x represents the increase in the concentration of A as the reaction gets to equilibrium,
which of these expressions would you use to solve for x?
A
+
B
20
initial:
2
10
K= (10 – 2x)*/x(2+x)
= (10 + 2x)*/x(2+x)
K= (10 – 2x)*/2x
K= (10 – x)*/x(2+x)
Chapter 5 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 5 - 5.1. Can a battery that has a voltage be...Ch. 5 - 5.2. What is the difference between a static...Ch. 5 - Which system in each pair best represents...Ch. 5 -
5.4. Supersaturated solutions can be made in...Ch. 5 -
5.5. Following is a chemical reaction between...Ch. 5 - 5.6. The following is a reaction with its initial...Ch. 5 - The following is a reaction with initial amounts...Ch. 5 - 5.8. The hemoglobin in blood establishes an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9ECh. 5 - 5.10. If and gases were contained in a system...
Ch. 5 - 5.11. Determine the numerical value of Q for the...Ch. 5 - 5.12. True or false: If all the partial pressures...Ch. 5 - For the reaction 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) when 2mol of...Ch. 5 - 5.14. Determine and for the following reaction at...Ch. 5 - 5.15. Consider the reaction
If the partial...Ch. 5 -
5.16. In atmospheric chemistry, the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17ECh. 5 - 5.18. Hydrogen cyanide can isomerize to hydrogen...Ch. 5 - 5.19. Assume that a reaction exists such that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20ECh. 5 - 5.21. Show that if the coefficients of a balanced...Ch. 5 - 5.22. True or false: If for a gas-phase reaction,...Ch. 5 - 5.23. The balanced chemical reaction for the...Ch. 5 - The answers in exercise 5.23 should show that...Ch. 5 - At a high enough temperature, the equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.26ECh. 5 - 5.27. Nitrogen dioxide,, dimerizes easily to form...Ch. 5 - 5.28. Another nitrogen-oxygen reaction of some...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.29ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.30ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.31ECh. 5 - 5.32. For the reaction
. (a) Using in Appendix...Ch. 5 - 5.33. Use the data in Appendix to calculate ...Ch. 5 - 5.34. The of diamond, a crystalline form of...Ch. 5 - 5.35. The densities of graphite and diamond are ...Ch. 5 - Buckminsterfullerene, C60, is a spherical molecule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.37ECh. 5 - At what pressure does H2O have an activity of...Ch. 5 - The bisulfate or hydrogen sulfate anion, HSO4, is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40ECh. 5 - Write the equilibrium constant expression for each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.42ECh. 5 - For the given chemical equilibrium, these data are...Ch. 5 - Biological standard states include specifying a...Ch. 5 - a At 25.0C, Kw for the autoionization of water is...Ch. 5 - 5.46. For a reaction whose standard enthalpy...Ch. 5 - 5.47. For the reaction
and . Estimate for this...Ch. 5 - 5.48. The isotope exchange reaction
has an...Ch. 5 - 5.49. Consider the following equilibrium:
What...Ch. 5 - 5.50. For the equilibrium
Equilibrium partial...Ch. 5 - The decomposition of NaHCO3, used in kitchens to...Ch. 5 - 5.52. For the equilibrium
at,. In a flask, of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.53ECh. 5 - 5.54. For the reaction
The equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55ECh. 5 - 5.56. Of the amino acids listed in Table , which...Ch. 5 - 5.57. Determine the concentration of the three...Ch. 5 - 5.58. The formation of zwitterionic glycine, ,...Ch. 5 - 5.59. Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is the sodium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60ECh. 5 - Consider the balanced chemical reaction...Ch. 5 - For the gas-phase reaction 2H2+O22H2O rxnG is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.63ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.64E
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- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forwardThe reaction 2CO(g) + O2(g) = 2 CO2(g) is known to be exothermic. According to Le Chatelier's principle, how will this reaction's equilibrium be affected if the reaction temperature is increased? (A) The equilibrium constant will decrease and the reaction will shift to the left. (B) The equilibrium constant will be unchanged, but the reaction will shift to the left. (C) The equilibrium constant will increase and the reaction will shift to the right. (D) The equilibrium constant will be unchanged, but the reaction will shift to the right. (E) The equilibrium concentrations will not be affected.arrow_forward7:12 Question 15 of 50 Submit For the decomposition of mercury(II) oxide, HgO, to mercury and oxygen: 2HgO(s) → 2Hg(1) + O₂(g) AG = 117.1 kJ What is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation (AGF) of mercury(II) oxide? A) -117.1 kJ/mol B) -58.6 kJ/mol C) +58.6 kJ/mol D) +117.1 kJ/mol Tap here or pull up for additional resources allarrow_forward
- The Δ?vapΔHvap of a certain compound is 19.52 kJ·mol−1 and its ΔSvap is 81.67 J·mol−1·K−1. What is the boiling point of this compound?arrow_forwardThe value of AG° at 241.0 °C for the formation of phosphorous trichloride from its constituent elements, P2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 PC|3 (g) is kJ/mol. At 25.0 °C for this reaction, AH° is –720.5 kJ/mol, AG° is –642.9 kJ/mol, and AS° is – 263.7 J/K. -584.9 6.28 x 104 1.35 x 105 -856.1 -656.9arrow_forwardThe value of AG° at 241.0 °C for the formation of phosphorous trichloride from its constituent elements, P2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 PCl3 (g) is kJ/mol. At 25.0 °C for this reaction, AH° is – 720.5 kJ/mol, AG° is –642.9 kJ/mol, and AS° is – 263.7 J/K 6.28 x 104 -656.9 -584.9 -856.1 1.35 x 105arrow_forward
- The ΔHvap of a certain compound is 46.73 kJ·mol−1 and its ΔSvap is 64.96 J·mol−1·K−1. What is the boiling point of this compound?arrow_forward15. a) What is Le Chatelier's Principle? Define and explain this concept. b) Support your explanation using an example based on the following reaction, 3H₂(g) + N₂(g) = 2NH3(g).arrow_forwardDinitrogen trioxide decomposes to NO and NO2 in an endothermic process (AH = + 40,5 kJ/mol). 4. N2O3 (g) = NO (g) + NO2 (g) Predict the effect of the following changes on the position of the equilibrium; that is, state which way the equilibrium will shift (left, right, or no change) when each of the following changes is made. Motivate each prediction fully. (a) Adding more N2O3 (g) (b) Adding more NO2 (g) (c) Decreasing the temperature (d) Increasing the container volumearrow_forward
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