Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 5, Problem 3AL
Compare the mechanisms by which most eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients with those used by bacteria and archaea. What are the implications in terms of survival in different habitats and competition between eukaryotic microbes such as protists and bacteria and archaea?
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In the early 1930s, G. F. Gause carried out a series of experiments using two species of ciliated protists (Paramecium), which are single-celled eukaryotic protozoans. The protists were cultured together and separately, with the bacteria being the single food source. The results are shown in the figure below.
(a) Based on figure, identify and explain the interaction that is taking place between P. caudatum and P. aurelia.
(b) Clam shrimp, a natural predator to P. caudatum, is introduced to the culture containing both P. caudatum and P. aurelia after 24 days. Predict the impact that the clam shrimp will have on the culture and the populations. Justify your prediction.
Is oxygen a requirement for the growth of all organisms? Describe the following in terms of oxygen need.
Give examples of free-living and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Are these prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 5.1 - MICRO INQUIRY In addition to separating each...Ch. 5.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Which cytoskeletal filament is made...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1MICh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is a proteasome? Why...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 5.4 - Describe the secretory pathway. To what...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 6CCCh. 5.5 - MICRO INQUIRY Which subunit attaches to the rough...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 5.6 - Describe the structure of aerobic mitochondria,...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.7 - Prepare and label a diagram showing the detailed...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Outline the major...Ch. 5.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What characteristics make...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 5 - Prob. 3RCCh. 5 - Prob. 4RCCh. 5 - Discuss the statement: The most obvious difference...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2ALCh. 5 - Compare the mechanisms by which most eukaryotic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4AL
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- Name two groups of protists known to cause HABs in marine ecosystems. What hazards do HABs pose for other marine organisms and humans?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE? Log cell numbers 1 Time a) The generation time for bacteria is usually the same from species to species. b) In the lag phase, cell death exceeds cell division. c) Bacteria typically divide by budding, producing a daughter cell that is smaller than the parental cell. d) In the death phase, bacterial growth stops because of nutrient depletion and waste accumulation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would be an example of a microbial chemoautotroph? A yeast using oxidation/reduction of organic compounds as the energy source and organic compounds as the carbon source. An archaean using oxidation/reduction of inorganic compounds as the energy source and a organic compounds as the carbon source. A cyanobacterium using light as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. A bacterium using oxidation/reduction of inorganic compounds as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source.arrow_forward
- Explain how prokaryotic cells obtain nutrients and how thisprocess puts constraints on their size.arrow_forwardDuring which growth phase are bacteria experiencing conditions in which microbial waste products are building up and nutrients are running low, resulting in a death rates outpacing reproduction? O 1) death phase O 2) stationary phase O 3) lag phase O 4) log phase O 5) VNCarrow_forwarddiscuss at least five different examples of extremophiles on Earth and discuss how they thrive in their special environments (or, each person can choose one extremophile to research and share with the rest of the group). Extrapolate these extreme survival abilities to the kinds of life that might be able to survive in the very different environments throughout our Solar System? Do you think that watery places like Europa or Enceladus would be a better environment to search for life as opposed to somewhere like the clouds of Venus? Why or why not? For more information on possible life in Venus' atmosphere,arrow_forward
- Describe two adaptations that enable prokaryotes to survive in environments too harsh for other organisms.arrow_forwardThe organism represented below is multicellular, heterotrophic, and completely aquatic. - Offspring resulting from only the process of mitotic cell division Which other characteristics could be used to descri this organism? A) reproduces in a water habitat and is a producer B) carries out photosynthesis and needs oxygen C) deposits cellular wastes on land and decompos dead organisms D) reproduces asexually and is a consumerarrow_forward What were the earliest forms of life on Earth? What was the energy source for the earliest form of life on earth? What are the earliest records of life on Earth? What is able to grow and thrive under conditions that would kill most other organisms (high/low pH, etc)? What are psychrophiles? Describe radioresistant prokaryotes and their habitat preferences. Who developed postulates to identify disease-causing organisms? What percent of bacteria and archaea cannot be cultured? Describe the viable-but-not-culturable state of prokaryotes. Describe planktonic prokaryotes. Why do biofilms form? What holds biofilms together? Structure of Prokaryotes Describe the nucleoid. Describe conjugation. What happens during binary fission? What are cell walls of prokaryotes primarily composed of? What structure of Archaea is different from other domains of life? What is the Bacteria division into two groups based on? Prokaryotic Metabolism Which macronutrient is…arrow_forward
- What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? What type(s) of metabolism can occur in the absence of oxygen? Name two enzymes that are present in obligate aerobes but lacking in obligate anaerobes. What is the function of each enzyme Describe the difference between the appearance of surface and subsurface colonies in a pour plate. If this is the same bacterial species, why do these differences in colonial growth occur?arrow_forwardList three ways to distinguish Cyanobacteria from phytoplankton and phytoplankton from zooplanktonarrow_forwardIn the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions: a) Outer cellular covering which includes: Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm. c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…arrow_forward
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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (Updated); Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxujitlv8wc;License: Standard youtube license