List three ways to distinguish Cyanobacteria from phytoplankton and phytoplankton from zooplankton
Answer:
CYANOBACTERIA: Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous gram negative bacteria. they are oxygenic photosynthetic and obligate photolithoautotrophs. photosynthetic pigments present in cyanobacteria are chl a (in very cases chld and chl b ) , carotenoids and phycobilins. cyanobacteria vary greatly in shape and apperance. both unicellular and filamentous forms of cyanobacteria occur in nature. filamentous forms maybe branched and unbranched. all cyanobacteria known to date , except Gloeobacter violaceus , have an internal system of thylakoid membranesin which the light reactions of photosynthesis and respiration occurs. besides the thylakoid ,membranes, the cyanobacterial cytosol contains component such as carboxysomes, glycogen granules, cyanophycin granules, polyphosphate bodies, lipid bodies, and polyhydroxybutyrate granules.
PHYTOPLANKTONS: Photosynthetic protists ( commonly termed as algae) constitute the majority of phytoplanktons. they account for about 70-80% of global photosynthesis. Examples:
Dinoflagellates: These are unicellular flagellated protists. they found mainly in marine environments and also mostly biflagellates. half of the dinoflagellates are photosynthetic many of them are mixotrophic. most dinoflagellates contains chlorophyll a and c.
Diatoms: Diatoms are the chief producers (autotrophs) in the oceans. they are in both marine and freshwater environment. cellwall is known as frustule. Diatoms contains photosynthetic pigments chlorophylls a and c , carotenoids and fucoxanthin. reproduction is through binary fission.
Euglenoids: these are unicellular flagellated protists. mainly found in freshwater. they are devoid of cell wall. euglenoids are biflagellates. euglenoids contain chloroplast and hence are photosynthetic. euglenoids contain chlorophyll a and b as photosynthetic pigments. these are mainly mixotrophic. example - euglena.
ZOOPLANKTONS: Zooplankton comes under the phylum cnidaria. these have tissues but lack organ sysytem. the body shows two main forms polyp and medusa. the body wall consists of two distinct layers of cells. the outer epidermis and the inner gastrodermis. the body encloses a single cavity , the coelenteron. it has single aperture, the mouth . there is no anus. digestion is partly extracellular tha occurs in the coelenteron. and partly intracellular which takes place within the gastrodermal cells. example: Jellyfish.
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