Concept explainers
(a)
To describe: The conclusion which is obtained from the nondisjunction and recombination frequencies and the way by which trisomic frequencies are influenced by the recombination frequencies
Introduction: The chromosomes are small structures which carry genes. These chromosomes transfer from one generation to another and show the similarity in the progeny. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes found in a cell.
(b)
To describe: The selective advantage of positive chromosomal interference
Introduction: The chromosomes carry genetic information of an organism. These are thread-like structures which are found in the nucleus of the cell. The traits of an organism are carried by the chromosomes from one generation to another.
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Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
- Consider the first category of test-cross offspring shown in figure 8.2 (+b, LS). Consider also that the parents of the heterozygous female flies in the test cross had the following genotypes: bb, SS, and +, LL. A. What would be the physical phenotype of these flies? B. If PC was conducted with the DNA of one of these flies using the primers for the molecular marker, what would be the appearance of the bands on an electrophoresis gel with the PC products? C. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker (L long or S short) were unlinked, what proportion of the test-cross progeny would be black flies that are heterozygous for the molecular marker? What proportion would be flies with normal body color, which are homozygous for one form of the molecular marker? D. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker were linked, how would the proportion of flies be different?arrow_forwardShown here is PCR-based analysis of mouse pups from an experiment designed to evaluate the phenotypic impact of the sex-reversed Y chromosome gene (SRY). Interpret the data shown here clearly, defining the importance of each mouse tested and interpreting the results. Which mouse (of the three shown) is likely transgenic for Sry? Explain.arrow_forwardSelect the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement. Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and aBCdEF are located on - vnonhomologous chromosomes. Crossing over between them is suppressed because their locations are the result of this. Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and AEDCBF are located on homologous chromosomes. A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows: species X is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine v species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine species Z is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to this. a. Inversion b. Deletion A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows: c. Gene duplication d. Translocation e. Insertion species X is alanine, glycine,…arrow_forward
- Select the statements below that are TRUE. Select 4 correct answer(s) Question 14 options: A) Mutations are induced to occur in response to a selective pressure. B) Crossover suppression occurs when no recombinant progeny are observed between two genes located within a homozygous paracentric inversion. C) The ends of each chromosome are replicated by an RNA-protein complex called telomerase. D) When a mismatched base pair occurs during DNA replication, mismatch repair corrects the mismatch by replacing the nucleotide on the template strand. E) Mutations occur spontaneously and so may be pre-existing in a population when a selective pressure arises. F) When two genes are linked, the frequency of recombinant types exceeds the frequency of parental types. G) The choice…arrow_forwardConsider the first category of test-cross offspring shown in figure 8.2 (+b, LS). Consider also that the parents of the heterozygous female flies in the test cross had the following genotypes: bb, SS, and +, LL. A. What would be the physical phenotype of these flies? B. If PCR was conducted with the DNA of one of these flies using the primers for the molecular marker, what would be the appearance of the bands on an electrophoresis gel with the PCR products? C. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker (L long or S short) were unlinked, what proportion of the test-cross progeny would be black flies that are heterozygous for the molecular marker? What proportion would be flies with normal body color, which are homozygous for one form of the molecular marker? D. If the gene for black body and the locus for the molecular marker were linked, how would the proportion of flies be different?arrow_forwardA scientist working with Drosophila flies studies wing length, an X-linked characteristic. He has pure-breeding lines of short-winged and long-winged flies available. He decides to use reciprocal crosses for his work.i) What are reciprocal crosses? ii) Provide an example of the reciprocal crosses this scientist will do.iii) If the gene for wing length was sex-linked, but present in the pseudoautosomal region, what would you expect the outcome of a reciprocal cross to be with regards to males and females?arrow_forward
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- In corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male sterile lines Using the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each individual in the cross Legend male sterile cytoplasm Male fertile cytoplasm FF nucleus Ff nucleus ff nucleus A. Male sterile female x FF male Explain the phenotype of the offspring B. Male sterile female x Ff male Explain the phenotype of the offspringarrow_forwardThe chromosomes drawn below are found in a human skin cell. The lines represent the chromosomes themselves. The letters indicate the location of a particular version of a gene. d) T/F If the protein produced by the BA gene is involved in the formation of ovaries, then the BA gene is likely located on a sex chromosome. e) T/F Because the genes shown here are found in skin cells, these genes code for proteins required for skin cell function.arrow_forwardmapping three linked genes, the heterozygous AaBbCc was crossed to aabbcc individual the following phenotypes were obtained: ABC 4 abc 2 ABc 150 abC 141 aBc 18 AbC 20 Abc 30 aBC 35 A) What are the alleles found on each parental chromosome(genotypes of the parents)? B) How many double recombinants(cross over) were there? c) what is the linear arrangement of loci on the chromosome?arrow_forward
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