Chapter 5, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The $Z_{\text{eff}}$ of chlorine atom for all orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction: A particular electron is shielded by inner electrons that are near nucleus by full charge $Z$ of nucleus by effectively canceling some of the positive nuclear charge. So the net reduced nuclear charge experienced by a particular electron, due to presence of inner electrons is called $Z_{\text{eff}}$ . The formula for effective nuclear charge $Z_{\text{eff}}$ is as follows:

  $Z_{\text{eff}}=Z-S$

Where,

• $Z$is nuclear charge.
• $S$ is shielding or screening constant for an orbital with principal quantum number $n$ .