Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 23RQ
Distinguish between proto-oncogene and oncogene. Describe two mechanisms by which genetic change causes cancer.
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Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed.
Select the two mechanisms.
Identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed.Select the two mechanisms.
1) alterations in chromatin structure
2) a gain-of-function alteration
3)modification of proto-oncogenes products
4)mutations that result in an abnormal protein product
5)mutations within gene-regulatory regions
Describe the underlying causes of epigenetic changes associated with cancer.
Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes undergo gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations? Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, BCL-2, JUN, MDM2, and p16.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 5 - What is the relationship between homologous...Ch. 5 - Describe or diagram the sequence of events in...Ch. 5 - What are the designations of the sex chromosomes...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Diagram by Punnett square a cross between...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6RQCh. 5 - Assuming brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 5 - Assume that right-handedness (R) is genetically...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12RQCh. 5 - Prob. 13RQCh. 5 - Distinguish the following: euploidy, aneuploidy,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15RQCh. 5 - Prob. 16RQCh. 5 - Prob. 17RQCh. 5 - Prob. 18RQCh. 5 - Prob. 19RQCh. 5 - Prob. 20RQCh. 5 - Prob. 21RQCh. 5 - Why do many mutations have no detectable effects...Ch. 5 - Distinguish between proto-oncogene and oncogene....Ch. 5 - Prob. 24RQCh. 5 - Outline the essential steps in the polymerase...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26RQCh. 5 - Prob. 27RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1FFT
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- Name two ways in which loss of p53 function contributes to a malignant phenotype. Explain how benzo(a) pyrene can cause loss of p53 function. Hint: Loss of p53 function occurs in the majority of human tumors.arrow_forwardDescribe two mechanisms by which genetic change causes cancer.arrow_forwardExplain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.arrow_forward
- Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification in the process of cancer.arrow_forwardTissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancerarrow_forwardDescribe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation of a mis- match repair gene cause colon cancer?arrow_forward
- Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be defective for the regulation of cell division to be defective), whereas mutations in oncogenes are dominant.arrow_forwardRelatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most inherited forms of cancer are defects in tumor-suppressor genes. Give two or more reasons why inherited forms of cancer seldom involve activated oncogenes.arrow_forward1. a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. b)Proteins that inhibit progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. c)What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene? d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one. e)To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one.arrow_forward
- Describe the changes that can convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations that convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. Summarize some functions of common oncogenes in cell survival and uncontrolled growth. Contrast tumor suppressors to oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations in tumor suppressors that are found in common cancers. Summarize the functions of common tumor suppressors in cell survival and cell growth.arrow_forwardD) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardian of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. eg Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will…arrow_forward
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