Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 150AE

You have seven closed containers, each with equal masses of chlorine gas (Cl2) . You add 10.0 g of sodium to the first sample, 20.0 g of sodium to the second sample, and so on (adding 70.0 g of sodium to the seventh sample). Sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride according to the equation

2 Na ( s ) + Cl 2 2 NaCl ( s )

After each reaction is complete, you collect and measure the amount of sodium chloride formed. A graph of your results is shown below.

Chapter 5, Problem 150AE, You have seven closed containers, each with equal masses of chlorine gas (Cl2) . You add 10.0 g of

Answer the following questions:

a. Explain the shape of the graph.

b. Calculate the mass of NaCl formed when 20.0 g of sodium is used.

c. Calculate the mass of Cl2 in each container.

d. Calculate the mass of NaCl formed when 50.0 g of sodium is used.

e. Identify the leftover reactant, and determine its mass for parts b and d above.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Seven closed containers, having equal amount of chlorine gas present in them, have been given. Sodium is added to the containers in the given pattern. After the completion of the reaction between sodium and chlorine, the amount of sodium chloride formed is measured. The stated questions related to the given process are to be answered.

Concept introduction: The amount of the sodium chloride formed depends upon the amount of sodium and chlorine gas present in each of the given containers.

To determine: The explanation regarding the shape of the graph.

Explanation of Solution

The amount of sodium chloride formed increases on increasing the quantity of sodium from the container one to four.

In the fifth container the addition of a greater amount of sodium than added to the previous container did not increase the amount of sodium chloride formed.

This indicates that the amount of chlorine gas present in the respective container is not sufficient to react with amount of sodium been added to the container. Hence, the amount of sodium chloride formed in the subsequent containers has a constant value.

Conclusion

The amount of chlorine gas present in the containers five, six and seven reacts with an equal amount of sodium to form an equal amount of sodium chloride.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Seven closed containers, having equal amount of chlorine gas present in them, have been given. Sodium is added to the containers in the given pattern. After the completion of the reaction between sodium and chlorine, the amount of sodium chloride formed is measured. The stated questions related to the given process are to be answered.

Concept introduction: The amount of the sodium chloride formed depends upon the amount of sodium and chlorine gas present in each of the given containers.

To determine: The mass of NaCl formed on using 20.0g of sodium.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The stated reaction is,

2Na(s)+Cl2(g)2NaCl(s)

The atomic mass of sodium is 23g .

The molar mass of NaCl =Na+Cl=(23+35.5)g=58.5g

According to the given reaction,

2mol of Na produce NaCl =2mol

1mol of Na produces NaCl =1mol

23g of Na produce NaCl =58.5g

1g of Na produce NaCl =(58.523)g

20.0g of Na produce NaCl =(58.5×20.023)g51g_

Conclusion

The mass of NaCl formed on using 20.0g of sodium is 51g_ .

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Seven closed containers, having equal amount of chlorine gas present in them, have been given. Sodium is added to the containers in the given pattern. After the completion of the reaction between sodium and chlorine, the amount of sodium chloride formed is measured. The stated questions related to the given process are to be answered.

Concept introduction: The amount of the sodium chloride formed depends upon the amount of sodium and chlorine gas present in each of the given containers.

To determine: The mass of Cl2 present in each container.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The stated reaction is,

2Na(s)+Cl2(g)2NaCl(s)

The atomic mass of sodium is 23g .

The molar mass of NaCl =Na+Cl=(23+35.5)g=58.5g

According to the given graph, chlorine gas present reacts completely with 40g of sodium.

According to the given reaction,

2mol of Na reacts with Cl2 =1mol

(2×23)g of Na reacts with Cl2 =(2×35.5)g

1g of Na reacts with Cl2 =(2×35.5(2×23))g

40g of Na reacts with Cl2 =(2×35.5×40(2×23))g=61.7g_

Conclusion

The mass of Cl2 present in each container is 61.7g_ .

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Seven closed containers, having equal amount of chlorine gas present in them, have been given. Sodium is added to the containers in the given pattern. After the completion of the reaction between sodium and chlorine, the amount of sodium chloride formed is measured. The stated questions related to the given process are to be answered.

Concept introduction: The amount of the sodium chloride formed depends upon the amount of sodium and chlorine gas present in each of the given containers.

To determine: The mass of NaCl formed on using 50.0g of sodium.

Explanation of Solution

Given

The stated reaction is,

2Na(s)+Cl2(g)2NaCl(s)

The atomic mass of sodium is 23g .

The molar mass of NaCl =Na+Cl=(23+35.5)g=58.5g

According to the given graph, chlorine gas present reacts completely with 40g of sodium.

Hence, only 40.0g of sodium will be used in the stated reaction.

According to the given reaction,

2mol of Na produce NaCl =2mol

1mol of Na produces NaCl =1mol

23g of Na produce NaCl =58.5g

1g of Na produce NaCl =(58.523)g

40.0g of Na produce NaCl =(58.5×40.023)g101.7g_

Conclusion

The mass of NaCl formed on using 20.0g of sodium is 101.7g_ .

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Seven closed containers, having equal amount of chlorine gas present in them, have been given. Sodium is added to the containers in the given pattern. After the completion of the reaction between sodium and chlorine, the amount of sodium chloride formed is measured. The stated questions related to the given process are to be answered.

Concept introduction: The amount of the sodium chloride formed depends upon the amount of sodium and chlorine gas present in each of the given containers.

To determine: The left over reactant in parts (b) and (d) and their respective mass.

Explanation of Solution

The leftover reactant in part (b) is the chlorine gas. The mass of chlorine left unreacted is 30.8g_ . The leftover reactant in part (d) is sodium. The mass of sodium left unreacted is 10.0g_ .

To determine: The left over reactant in parts (b) and its respective mass.

The leftover reactant in part (b) is the chlorine gas. The mass of chlorine left unreacted is 30.8g_ .

Given

The stated reaction is,

2Na(s)+Cl2(g)2NaCl(s)

The atomic mass of sodium is 23g .

The molar mass of NaCl =Na+Cl=(23+35.5)g=58.5g

According to the given reaction,

2mol of Na reacts with Cl2 =1mol

(2×23)g of Na reacts with Cl2 =(2×35.5)g

1g of Na reacts with Cl2 =(2×35.5(2×23))g

20g of Na reacts with Cl2 =(2×35.5×20(2×23))g=30.9g

The mass of chlorine present in the container is 61.7g .

The amount of chlorine left unreacted is =(61.730.9)g=30.8g_

To determine: The left over reactant in parts (d) and its respective mass.

The leftover reactant in part (d) is sodium. The mass of sodium left unreacted is 10.0g_ .

According to the given graph, chlorine gas present reacts completely with 40g of sodium.

Hence, only 40.0g of sodium will be used in the stated reaction.

The amount of sodium left unreacted is =(50.040.0)g=10.0g_

Conclusion

The mass of chlorine gas left unreacted in the stated reaction 30.8g_ .

The mass of sodium left unreacted in the stated reaction 10.0g_

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

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