Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 49, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Homeostasis and osmoregulation are balanced by the excretion and reabsorption of certain ions in the collecting duct and distal tubule of the kidney. The reabsorption process is mediated by two hormones, which are ADH and aldosterone.
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What is hypovolemia?
a. A condition characterized by a decrease in blood volume
b. The motivation to drink water when dehydrated
O C. A condition characterized by a decrease in the concentration of dissolved substances in the blood
d. A condition characterized by release of vasopressin, associated with osmometric thirst
Which does NOT stimulate aldosterone release?
a. ANP hormone
b. Increase in renin
c. increase of plasma K+ concentration
d. increase in angiotensin II production
What's the function of the hormone vasopressin? A. Enacts the "fight -or-flight " response B Maintains blood sugar levelsC. Maintains electrolyte levelsD. Maintains water balance and prevents dehydration
Chapter 49 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 49.2 - Core Skill: Connections In what other organ is a...Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 49.2 - Prob. 3CSCh. 49.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 49 - Prob. 1TYCh. 49 - Prob. 2TYCh. 49 - Prob. 3TYCh. 49 - Prob. 4TYCh. 49 - Prob. 5TY
Ch. 49 - Prob. 6TYCh. 49 - Prob. 7TYCh. 49 - Prob. 8TYCh. 49 - Prob. 9TYCh. 49 - Prob. 10TYCh. 49 - Define nitrogenous waste, and list the main types...Ch. 49 - List and describe the three processes involved in...Ch. 49 - Prob. 3CQCh. 49 - Prob. 1COQCh. 49 - Briefly discuss the parts and functions of the...
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- How would damage to the renal capillaries resulting in an increase in protein filtration and urinary excretion affect net filtration pressure in the systemic circulation? a. Increase capillary reabsorption due to an increase in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure b. Increase capillary filtration due to an increase in interstitial hydrostatic pressure c. Increase capillary filtration due to a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure d. Increase capillary reabsorption due to increased blood hydrostatic pressurearrow_forwardWhat does vasopressin do? A. It increases both urination and thirst. B. It decreases both urination and thirst. C. It decreases urination and increases thirst. D. It increases urination and decreases thirst.arrow_forwarda pt has hyperthyroidism and his Na+/K+ ATpase pumps are working slower. Will this effect the transport of Na+? A. There will be a reduction in Na+ transport on the basolateral side of the tubule epithelial cell. B. there will be a reduction in Na+ transport in bowmans capsule epithelial cells C. there will be no change to Na+ transport D. there will be a reduction in ATP-dependent, Na+transport on the apical side of the tubule epithelial cells E. there will be a reduction of Na+ secretion on both sides of the tubule epithelial cellsarrow_forward
- If plasma osmolarity increases to 380 mOsM, what would likely happen to the plasma concentrations of ADH and the reabsorption of water from the kidneys? a. Plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water decreases b. Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water decreases c. Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water does not change d. Plasma ADH concentrations increase; reabsorption of water increases e. Plasma ADH concentrations decrease; reabsorption of water increasesarrow_forwardHow does the kidney maintain the proper balance of water in the body? D A. the reabsorption of water in some parts of the nephron is regulated by aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone D B. the body adjusts water excretion by varying the glomerular filtration rate OC. the body changes the amount of water reabsorbed in response to changing pH levels in the blood O D. when we are dehydrated, the kidneys produce a large volume of dilute urine O E. the kidney does not play a role in body water balancearrow_forwardWhat effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)? a. ECF decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present. b. ECF increases initially, then decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present. c. ECF increases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present. d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has no effect on ECF.arrow_forward
- Which naturally occurring buffer regulates blood pH? a. H3PO4/H2PO4- b. H2PO4-/HPO4-2 c. CH3COOH/CH3COO- d. H2CO3/HCO3-arrow_forwardsympathetic vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles would do what to GFR?a. increase b. decrease c. sustainarrow_forwardHyperkalemia is associated with the inability of the kidneys to properly filter potassium out of the blood. Which type of membrane transport do the kidneys use to filter the blood? A. Hydrostatic pressure B. Osmotic pressure C. Filtration D. Active diffusionarrow_forward
- Which of these mechanisms is the most important for regulatingblood osmolality?a. ADH c. ANHb. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone d. PTHarrow_forwardWhen arterial blood pressure drops below normal, which renal function occur as a result of sympathetic nervous system activation? a. Afferent arteriole vasodilation b. Decreased ADH secretion c. Decreased renin secretion d. Afferent arteriole vasoconstrictionarrow_forwardHow would one describe insensible water loss, such as loss from the lungs? A. this type of water loss is the reason for most body water loss B. this helps to maintain a constant fluid balance in humans C. this water loss cannot be altered as needed by an organism D. this has the greatest affect on electrolyte balance in humans On average, the greatest loss of water from the human body occurs by: Group of answer choices A. perspiration B. feces production C. moisture loss at lungs D . urination Which of the following hormones helps to balance Ca2+ in the blood? Group of answer choices ADH & aldosterone PTH & calcitonin insulin & glucagon renin & ANParrow_forward
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