General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967466
Author: Karen C. Timberlake
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.8, Problem 4.67QAP
Interpretation Introduction
To determine:
The number of valence electrons.
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
glycerin by weight.
If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
f. Moles of CO2 evolved.
g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
• CH3
methyl radical
Formed in Gund A Cleavage
c.…
Chapter 4 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life (5th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - Write the symbols for the following elements:...Ch. 4.1 - Write the symbols for the following elements:...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3QAPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.4QAPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.5QAPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.6QAPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.7QAPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.8QAPCh. 4.2 - Give the symbol of the element described by each...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.10QAP
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.11QAPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.12QAPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.13QAPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.14QAPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.15QAPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.16QAPCh. 4.3 - Identify each of the following as describing...Ch. 4.3 - Identify each of the following as describing...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.19QAPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.20QAPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.21QAPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.22QAPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.23QAPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.24QAPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.25QAPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.26QAPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.27QAPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.28QAPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.29QAPCh. 4.4 - How many protons and electrons are there in a...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.31QAPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.32QAPCh. 4.5 - What are the number of protons, neutrons, and...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.34QAPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.35QAPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.36QAPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.37QAPCh. 4.5 - Strontium has four naturally occurring isotopes,...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.39QAPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.40QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.41QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.42QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.43QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.44QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.45QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.46QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.47QAPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.48QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.49QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.50QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.51QAPCh. 4.7 - Draw the orbital diagram for each of the...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.53QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.54QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.55QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.56QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.57QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.58QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.59QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.60QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.61QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.62QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.63QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.64QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.65QAPCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.66QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.67QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.68QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.69QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.70QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.71QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.72QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.73QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.74QAPCh. 4.8 - Select the element in each pair with the higher...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.76QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.77QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.78QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.79QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.80QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.81QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.82QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.83QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.84QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.85QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.86QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.87QAPCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.88QAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.89UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.90UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.91UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.92UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.93UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.94UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.95UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.96UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.97UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.98UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.99UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.100UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.101UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.102UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.103UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104UTCCh. 4 - Prob. 4.105AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.106AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.107AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.108AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.109AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.110AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.111AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.112AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.113AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.114AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.115AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.116AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.117AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.118AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.119AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.120AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.121AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.122AQAPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.123CQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.124CQCh. 4 - 4. 125 Give the symbol of the element that has the...Ch. 4 - Give the symbol of the element that has the (4.8)...Ch. 4 - Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes:...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.128CQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.129CQCh. 4 - Consider three elements with the following...
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