BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 47, Problem 2U
Increased efficiency of gas exchange in vertebrates has been brought about by all of the following mechanisms except
a. cutaneous respiration.
b. unidirectional air flow.
c. crosscurrent blood flow.
d. cartilaginous rings in the trachea.
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Respiratory organs of invertebrates and vertebrates are similar in that
a. they use negative pressure breathing.
b. they take advantage of countercurrent flow systems.
c. they increase the surface area available for diffusion.
d. the air flows through the organ in one direction.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a gas-exchange organ in animals?
A. low surface area for gas exchange
B. moist
C. thin, delicate structure
D. extensive blood flow
Marine mammals are able to hold their breath for extended periods underwater because
a. unlike humans, they don’t hypoventilate.
b. partial pressure of carbon dioxide does not increase underwater.
c. myoglobin in muscle tissue provides an oxygen reserve.
d. the brains of marine mammals do not have receptors that respond to impulses initiated in the aortic and carotid bodies.
Chapter 47 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 47.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.1 - Compare evolutionary strategies for maximizing gas...Ch. 47.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 47.3 - Describe the breathing cycle of birds.Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 47.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 47.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 47.5 - Describe the structure of hemoglobin.Ch. 47.5 - Predict hemoglobins oxygen affinity in various...Ch. 47.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 47 - Prob. 1DACh. 47 - Prob. 2DACh. 47 - Prob. 3DACh. 47 - Prob. 4DACh. 47 - For a given PO2, how does oxyhemoglobin saturation...Ch. 47 - Prob. 1IQCh. 47 - Prob. 2IQCh. 47 - Prob. 1UCh. 47 - Increased efficiency of gas exchange in...Ch. 47 - Prob. 3UCh. 47 - Prob. 4UCh. 47 - Ficks Law of Diffusion states the rate of...Ch. 47 - Prob. 6UCh. 47 - Prob. 7UCh. 47 - Prob. 8UCh. 47 - When you take a deep breath, your stomach moves...Ch. 47 - Marine mammals are able to hold their breath for...Ch. 47 - Countercurrent flow systems do not occur in lungs...Ch. 47 - Respiratory organs of invertebrates and...Ch. 47 - Prob. 5ACh. 47 - During exercise more oxygen is delivered to the...Ch. 47 - Compare the operation and efficiency of fish gills...Ch. 47 - What happens when, during exercise, the oxygen...Ch. 47 - Explain how bacteria, archaea, protists, and many...
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- The respiratory system_______. a. provides body tissues with oxygen b. provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide c. establishes how many breaths are taken per minute d. provides the body with carbon dioxidearrow_forwardWhich of the following is a true statement? A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air. B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the boundary layer. C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the diffusion gradient across surface. D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.arrow_forwardWhat occurs as air descends down through the conducting zone and respiratory zone structure? a. Cartilage rings are replaced by plates of Cartilage. b. Resistance to air flow decreases due to increased number of lobbies. c. Resistance to air flow increases as bronchioles diminish in diameter. d. Smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles increases . e. The lining of the bronchioles changes from ciliated columnar to simple squamous epithelium.arrow_forward
- The alveoli of mammalian lungs do not contain 20.9% O2 (that is, the percentage of O2 in atmospheric dry air) because A. there is dead space in the trachea and bronchial tree and the air in the lungs is humidified. B. mammals do not normally ventilate the lungs at a high enough rate. C. the trachea and bronchi are too small in volume to contain this amount of O2. D. mammal lungs have too many alveoli to ventilate. E. some O2 has been exchanged with the blood before reaching the alveoli.arrow_forwardIn internal respiration: A. Carbon dioxide moves from alveoli into the capillary. B. Carbon dioxide moves from the capillary into the alveoli C. Carbon dioxide moves from the cells of visceral organs into the capillary. D. Carbon dioxide moves from capillary into cells of visceral organs.arrow_forwardFor each of the following structures, describe in detail how the structure allows for its function. A. Turbinates B. Larynx C. Trachea D. Bronchi E. Bronchioles F. Pleura G. Diaphragm H. Glottis I. Respiratory Surfaces (provide one example)arrow_forward
- The trachea has rings of cartilage to: a. Allow the trachea to close when air is not present b. Keep the trachea open for continuous air flow c. Allow the trachea to close when food is not present d. Keep the trachea open for continuous food flowarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is CORRECT? Select one: a. Reduction of atmospheric air pressure increases alveolar PO2. b. Reduction of plasma protein in blood increases alveolar PO2. c. Increase in ventilation increases alveolar PO2. d. Increase in metabolism increases alveolar PO2. e. Increase in the amount of hemoglobin increases arterial PO2arrow_forwardThe smallest functional unit of the lung is called the. and is where gas exchange with the circulatory system occurs. A. bronchiole B. glomerulus C. alveoli D. nephronarrow_forward
- Which of the following correctly describes the transition from bronchi into smaller branches in the bronchial tree? a. More hyaline cartilage is found in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree. b. The rings of cartilage completely disappear during the transition from the trachea into the bronchial tree. c. The lining changes from respiratory epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium. d. The amount of smooth muscle increases in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree.arrow_forwardWHich of the following finding at the apex best explains why ventilation-perfusion ratios are higher at the apex than base of a normal upright lungs? a. Alveolar Po2 is higher b. Alveoli contains more elastin and less collagen c. Alveoli have less surfacant d. Change in pleural pressure with each breathe is higher e. Perfusion is lowerarrow_forwardAt the site of gas exchange; which of the following is true? A. The alveoli and capillaries walls are thin which allowed for rapid diffusion of gas. B. When there is edema and swelling at the alveoi and capillary interface there is rabbit exchange of CO2. C. When there is edema and swelling at the alveoli and capillaries in her face there is rapid exchange of oxygen. D. The alveolar in capillary walls or take which allows for measured in rapid diffusion of gas. Choose the correct answerarrow_forward
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