BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 45, Problem 1S
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Whether it would be better to make a space-exploration vehicle with a hydrostatic skeleton or an exoskeleton for a planet with gravity greater than Earth and why.
Introduction:
In hydrostatic skeleton, the animal’s body has a fluid-filled cavity. Contraction of this cavity helps in locomotion like in earthworms. However, in the animals with an exoskeleton, the body has a hard protective outer layer made of chitin called the exoskeleton like in insects.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Scenario: You are driving down the street and suddenly a car pulls out in front of you. You swerve quickly and barely avoid an accident!
Your muscles in your arm contracted because
1.ATP detached cross bridges
2.calcium was released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3.thin (actin) filaments slid past thick (myosin) filaments
4.All of these answers are correct.
Outline the role of calcium ions on muscle contraction during a biceps curl. In your answer:
A) Describe the role of the nervous system in stimulating the release of calcium ions.
b) Outline the role calcium ions play in the 'sliding filament theory?'
Hydrostatic skeletons have been defined as a mass of fluid enclosed within a muscular wall. How would you modify this definition to apply it to a muscular hydrostat? Offer examples of both a hydro-static skeleton and a muscular hydrostat.
Chapter 45 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 45.1 - Compare hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and...Ch. 45.1 - Explain how animals with hydrostatic skeletons...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 45.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 45.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 45.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 45.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 45.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 45.5 - Describe how friction and gravity affect...Ch. 45.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 45 - Prob. 1IQCh. 45 - Exoskeletons and endoskeletons differ in that a....Ch. 45 - Worms use a hydrostatic skeleton to generate...Ch. 45 - Bone develops by one of two mechanisms depending...Ch. 45 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 45 - Motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction via the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 6UCh. 45 - If you wanted to study the use of ATP during a...Ch. 45 - Place the following events in the correct order....Ch. 45 - You take X-rays of two individuals. Ray has been a...Ch. 45 - You have identified a calcium storage disease in...Ch. 45 - How do the muscles move your hand through space?...Ch. 45 - How can osteocytes remain alive within bone? a....Ch. 45 - Swimming underwater using forelimbs for propulsion...Ch. 45 - If a drug inhibits the release of ACh, what will...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1SCh. 45 - Prob. 2SCh. 45 - The nerve gas methylphosphonofluoridic acid...Ch. 45 - If natural selection favors the evolution of wings...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is a unique characteristic of an endoskeleton as compared to an exoskeleton? a). The endoskeleton is capable of growth. b). The endoskeleton permits movement. c). The endoskeleton is molted more frequently.d). The endoskeleton provides support. e). Two of the choices are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a true statement comparing exoskeletons and endoskeletons? Endoskeletons can support larger organisms Only endoskeletons can grow as an organism grows Exoskeletons provide greater protection of the internal organs Exoskeletons provide less mechanical leverage.arrow_forwardHypo-gravity has a number of effects on physiology and anatomy of living organisms. What sort of effects would you expect hyper-gravity to have on the system musculoskeletal? How would human species evolve on a planet with twice normal gravity with regards to the system you picked?arrow_forward
- What is the major disadvantage of an exoskeleton? A) It does not provide effective support for muscles. B) It does not protect the internal organs. C) It hardens only after an extended exposure to air. D) It must be periodically shed for growth to occur.arrow_forwardWhy do you think the hydrostatic skeleton is eventually lost in animals withexoskeleton and endoskeleton? Give at least two examples.arrow_forward3) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking muscle mitochondrial ATP production would result in the inability of the muscle to make ATP from ___________. a. creatine phosphate b. anaerobic glycolysis c. aerobic respiration d. All of the above e. None of the abovearrow_forward
- 2) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum would most directly prevent which the following? a. activation of tropomyosin b. activation of troponin c. activation of actin d. All of the above e. None of the abovearrow_forwardYou are the biomedical engineer in charge of a project to design novel materials to replace the following; i) hip bone ii) Lumbar disc (a) What ideal material (s) will you choose for these applications? Justify your choice(s). (b) How will you test for the mechanical properties of the new materials? (c) Using a suitable stress-strain curve, describe the mechanical properties of the new materials; (d) What are the advantages of the new materials? (e) What are the disadvantages of the new materials?arrow_forwardConsider a phosphorus atom that is part of the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the biceps muscle of your arm. Using the levels of structural organization, name in order the structure that corresponds to each level of organization. Begin at the atomic level (the phosphorus atom) and end at the organ system level.arrow_forward
- Order the steps of the sliding filament model from beginning (contracting) to ending (relaxing). Place the first step at the top of your list.arrow_forwardWhat is the myoelastic aerodynamic theory?arrow_forwardBiomechanically, what is the significance and importance of momentum when performing a squat?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning