An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Chapter 4.4, Problem 37P
A common (but imprecise) way of stating the third law of
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Chapter 4 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 4.1 - At a power plant that produces 1 GW ( 109 watts)...Ch. 4.1 - A power plant produces 1 GW of electricity, at an...Ch. 4.1 - It has been proposed to use the thermal gradient...Ch. 4.1 - Prove directly (by calculating the heat taken in...Ch. 4.1 - To get more than an infinitesimal amount of work...Ch. 4.2 - Why must you put an air conditioner in the window...Ch. 4.2 - Can you cool off your kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 9PCh. 4.2 - Suppose that heat leaks into your kitchen...
Ch. 4.2 - What is the maximum possible COP for a cyclic...Ch. 4.2 - Explain why an ideal gas taken around a...Ch. 4.2 - Under many conditions, the rate at which heat...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 4.2 - In an absorption refrigerator the energy driving...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 17PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 18PCh. 4.3 - The amount of work done by each stroke of an...Ch. 4.3 - Derive a formula for the efficiency of the Diesel...Ch. 4.3 - The ingenious Stirling engine is a true heat...Ch. 4.3 - A small-scale steam engine might operate between...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 23PCh. 4.3 - Calculate the efficiency of a Rankine cycle that...Ch. 4.3 - In a real turbine, the entropy of the steam will...Ch. 4.3 - A coal-fired power plant, with parameters similar...Ch. 4.3 - In Table 4.1, why does the entropy of water...Ch. 4.3 - Imagine that your dog has eaten the portion of...Ch. 4.4 - Liquid HFC-134a at its boiling point at 12 bars...Ch. 4.4 - Consider a household refrigerator that uses...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that the throttling valve in the...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose you are told to design a household air...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4.4 - Consider an ideal Hampson-Linde cycle in which no...Ch. 4.4 - The magnetic field created by a dipole has a...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4.4 - A common (but imprecise) way of stating the third...
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- Figure 3.3 attached shows graphs of entropy vs. energy for two objects, A and B. Both graphs are on the same scale. The energies of these two objects initially have the values indicated; the objects are then brought into thermal contact with each other. Explain what happens subsequently and why, without using the word "temperature."arrow_forwardConstruct a table of all the possible combinations of numbers that can come up when you throw two dice. Your friend says, “Yes, I know that 7 is the most likely total number when two dice are thrown. But why 7?” Based on your table, answer your friend, and explain that, in thermodynamics, the situations that are likely to be observed are those that can be formed in the greatest number of ways.arrow_forwardIn 1883, the volcano on Krakatau Island in the Pacific erupted violently in the largest explosion in Earth’s recorded history, destroying much of the island in the process. Global temperature measurements indicate that this explosion reduced the average temperature of Earth by about 1 degree Celsius during the next two decades. Why? Note: The answer to this question might somehow be connected to the first law of thermodynamics. As much as possible, connect the answer to it.arrow_forward
- A driver’s manual states that the stopping distance quadruples as the speed doubles; that is, if it takes 30 ft to stop a car moving at 25 mph, then it would take 120 ft to stop a car moving at 50 mph. Justify this statement by using mechanics and the first law of thermodynamics. [Assume that when a car is stopped, its kinetic energy ( 1 /2mu2) is totally converted to heat.]arrow_forwardDescribe one or two practical examples of the laws of thermodynamics in your own life. Do they help explain why you can recycle cans and bottles but not energy? Which law is responsible for the fact that you get hot and sweaty when you exercise?arrow_forwardYou are watching a new bridge being built near your house. You notice during the construction that two concrete spans of the bridge of total length L, = 280 m are placed end to end so that no room is allowed for expansion (figure (a)). In the opening storyline for the thermodynamics chapter, we talked about buckling sidevalks. The same thing will happen with spans on bridges if allowance is not made for expansion (figure (b)). You vwant to warn the construction crew about this dangerous situation, so you calculate the height y to which the spans will rise when they buckle in response to a temperature increase of AT = 21.0°c. T+ AT y =arrow_forward
- Hello. Can I ask how can I demonstrate Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics with all these materials-pot - stove / heater-freezer-water-2 small identical containers-2 sheets semi-permeable membrane (thin cellophane will do)-2 rubber bands-1 large water container-2 different food colorsarrow_forwardA system's "entropy" is (a) the amount of work the system can do. (b) the amount of microscopic work the system can do. (c) the amount of force the system could exert. (d) the amount of thermal energy in the system. (e) the amount of microscopic disorganization in the system.arrow_forwardA bit of computer memory is some physical object that can be in two different states, often interpreted as 0 and 1. A byte is eight bits, a kilobyte is 1024 (= 210) bytes, a megabyte is 1024 kilobytes, and a gigabyte is 1024 megabytes. If this entropy is dumped into an environment at room temperature, how much heat must come along with it? Is this amount of heat significant?arrow_forward
- Describe the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous system. Also, provide reasons why modifications to the fundamental thermodynamic equations are necessary.arrow_forwardPart 2 ). It is important for the body to be able to cool itself even duringmoderate exercise. Suppose a 70kg man runs on a treadmill for 30min and at a (total)metabolic energy expenditure rate of 1000W. Using the 1st law of thermodynamics, estimate the amount of energylost in heat during that time. (Hint: see textbook, Section 11.2, and also the lecture notes#45, “Application of the 1st law of thermo to the human body” – CASE 1).A) 1350 kJB) 1800 kJC) 1000 kJD) 450 kJarrow_forwardThe Subject is Thermodynamics 1 1. Describe Ideal Gas and the Laws associated with it.arrow_forward
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