Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134169804
Author: Cindy L. Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.1, Problem 4.2.2QC
Assume that sodium and calcium ions are being transported through a given cell membrane. For which ion— Na+ or Ca2+ —is the electrical driving force larger? Explain.
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Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50 M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−).
Membrane equally permeable to both ions.
You have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.
A cell has an actual membrane potential (Em) at rest of -75mV. The equilibrium potential for Na+ is +120mV and the equilibrium potential for K+ is -95mV. Calculate the net driving force for Na+ in mV.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - What is the difference between passive transport...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.2QCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.3QCCh. 4.1 - Determine the direction of the electrical driving...Ch. 4.1 - Assume that sodium and calcium ions are being...Ch. 4.1 - Refer to Table 4.1 for intracellular and...Ch. 4.3 - In simple diffusion, do individual molecules...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.3.2QCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.3.3QCCh. 4.3 - What is the difference between a channel and a...
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.4.2QCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.4.3QCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5.1QCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5.2QCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5.3QCCh. 4.6 - Name the three types of endocytosis. Which type(s)...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.6.2QCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.7.1QCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.7.2QCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4 - Movement of Na+ in sodium-linked glucose...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9ECh. 4 - Prob. 10ECh. 4 - Which of the following transport mechanisms...Ch. 4 - Substances that cross cell membranes by simple...Ch. 4 - Prob. 13ECh. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - Prob. 15ECh. 4 - Prob. 16ECh. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Describe the various factors that determine...Ch. 4 - Explain the mechanism of glucose absorption by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27E
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). Membrane permeable only to Cl−.arrow_forwardIf a cell with the following ion concentrations had a resting membrane potential of -40mV which of the following can you conclude? Extracellular: Cl- = 110 mM, Na+ = 145 mM, K+ = 5mM. Intracellular Cl- = 20 mM, Na+ = 10 mM, K+ = 140mM a) At rest it is only permeable to potassium b) At rest it has some permeability to more than one of these ions c) At rest it is only permeable to chloride d) Rest it is not permeable to sodiumarrow_forwardWhat happens across the membrane of an electrically active cell is a dynamic process that is hard to visualize with static images or through text descriptions. View this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamic1) to learn more about this process. What is the difference between the driving force for Na+ and K+? And what is similar about the movement of these two ions?arrow_forward
- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co / Ci)], the term Co represents: cell bio the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)arrow_forwardThe membrane potential for an excitable cell membrane is -70 mV, for sodium ions the Nernst equilibrium potential is +50 mV, the conductivity of the single sodium channel is 10 pS. What is the electrochemical potential difference that is the driving force for sodium ions to migrate? How much current flows through an open sodium channel under these conditions?arrow_forwardIn the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of potassium the intracellular concentration of chloride the membrane potential (in millivolts) the extracellular concentration of sodium the extracellular concentration of potassiumarrow_forward
- V=62 log 10 (C0/Ci ) for a positive ion at 37 degrees Celsius. What is theoretical ratio of solution ion across the membrane when the resting membrane potential is 124 mV?arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about the resting membrane potential of cells (in other words, the electrochemical gradient of a cell at rest). 1. In regards to Na+ and K+, what is the ionic gradient of these ions across the plasma membrane? 2. What is the electrical charge just inside the plasma membrane and just outside the plasma membrane of a cell at rest? 3. What maintains this electrochemical gradient?arrow_forwardExplain why a K+ channel does not allow Na+ or Ca2+ ions to pass through it – Na is the smallestwhile Ca is the largest.arrow_forward
- if an object b has a plasma sodium concentration of 135mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 4mOsm/L. It also has a plasma concentration of potassium of 20mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 200mOsm/L. studies identify that the cells have a permeability to potassium that is 10 times greater than sodium. What is the resting membrane potentialarrow_forwardTable Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletal muscle. Table Q1(a) Permeability (cm/s) 2 x 10-8 2х 10 Ions Intracellular Extracellular Na* 12 145 K+ 155 4 4 120 4 x 106 By referring to Table Q1(a), compute the equilibrium resting potential for this membrane by assuming the room temperature is 20° C. Given the Boltzman's constant, k = 1.38 x 1023 J/K and an electronic charge, q = 1.602 x 10-19 C.arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). (a)Membrane permeable only to Na+.arrow_forward
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