Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 7SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Hormone is important to regulate the urine’s concentration and its composition. Hypothalamus gland signals the pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of the water through passive transport protein called aquaporins. Another hormone called aldosterone secreted by adrenal cortex increases the sodium reabsorption. Both, ADH and aldosterone help in the formation of concentrate urine.
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. _____ reabsorption from the nephrons is ordinarily 100%.a. Sodium c. Waterb. Glucose d. Urea
ADh or vassopressin affects water balance in the kidney more specifically it ______
a. Delays water reabsorption a secreting salt
b. Inserts aquaPorins into the apical membrane of the cells of Henles Loop
c. Increases the active transport of sodium out of the collecting duct
d. Insert aquaPorins into the apical membrane of the cells of the collecting duct
Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the renal cortex. As the body responds, antigen-anti body complexes accumulate between the foot processes of podocytes. This will cause the rate of filtrate to ____.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. stay the same
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3DAACh. 40 - An insect's ___ deliver nitrogen-rich waste to its...Ch. 40 - Bowman's capsule, the start of the tubular part of...Ch. 40 - Fluid that enters Bowman's capsule flows directly...Ch. 40 - Blood pressure forces water and small solutes into...Ch. 40 - Kidneys return most of the water and small solutes...Ch. 40 - Prob. 6SQCh. 40 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 40 - Match each .structure with a function. _____...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9SQCh. 40 - Prob. 10SQCh. 40 - Prob. 11SQCh. 40 - Prob. 12SQCh. 40 - Prob. 13SQCh. 40 - Prob. 14SQCh. 40 - Prob. 15SQCh. 40 - Like desert rodents such as the kangaroo rat,...Ch. 40 - Compared to closely related species that live in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3CTCh. 40 - Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion. What...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardBlood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and carrow_forwardAs a person ages, nephron tubules lose some of their ability to concentrate urine. What is the effect of this change?arrow_forward
- Which statement is TRUE. During the micturition reflex, _________. a. stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall results in afferent impulses arriving in the cervical region of the spinal cord b. there is increased activity of the parasympathetic motor neurons that control the smooth muscle of the bladder wall c. the internal sphincter must be consciously relaxed d. the external sphincter relaxes as the result of a parasympathetic reflex e. all of the abovearrow_forward1. Filtration moves _____ and small solutes into kidney tubules.A. waterB. insoluble fiberC. large proteinD. red blood cellsE. fats 2. Which is the correct order of blood flow from entering to exiting the kidney?A. Renal artery-segmental artery-interlobular artery-peritubular capillaries- afferent arteriolesB. Interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veinsC. Arcuate veins-arcuate arteries- glomerular capillaries- renal veinD. Renal vein-segmental arteries-interlobar arteries- efferent arteriolesE. Interlobar veins- afferent arterioles- efferent arterioles- glomerular capillariesarrow_forwardThe primary purpose of kidney autoregulatory is to: 1a prevent wide fluctuations in the GFR and inappropriate fluctuations in salt and water excretion prevent proteinurea b. prevent hypotension C. d. prevent tubuloglomerular feedbackarrow_forward
- Regulation of filtration ratea. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains relatively constant, but may increase or decrease as required.b. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system can maintain blood pressure with minimal change in GFR.c. When the macula densa senses decreased amounts of chloride, potassium, and sodium ions in the last part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop, it causes juxtaglomerular cells to release renin.d. Renin release triggers a series of changes leading to vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles, which minimizes any decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and also stimulates aldosterone secretion,which stimulates tubular sodium reabsorption.arrow_forwardConstriction of the efferent arteriole of the renal corpuscle will cause ________________ to rise. A. Glomerular Osmotic Pressure B. Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure C. Capsular Osmotic Pressure D. Capular Hydrostatic Pressurearrow_forward26) Factors that INCREASE the secretion of ADH include __________. a. increased concentration of sodium ions in the ECF b. water deprivation c. increased osmolarity of the ECF d. decreased renal blood flow e. all of the abovearrow_forward
- NaCI transporter inhibitor? a. Thiazide diuretics b. Osmotic diuretics c. Loop diureticsarrow_forwardFluid that enters Bowman’s capsule flows directly into the_____ . a. renal artery c. distal tubule b. proximal tubule d. loop of Henlearrow_forward1. Functions of the Urinary System A. Kidneys regulate blood levels of several ions, most importantly . (Na+), _(K+), _(Ca2+), _(CI.), and _(HPO42-). B. Kidneys regulate blood pH by secretion of and reabsorption of C. Kidneys regulate blood volume by conserving or eliminating D. Kidneys regulate blood pressure by secreting the enzyme which activates the RAA pathway that increases blood pressure. E. Kidneys help maintain a relatively constant blood osmolarity of F. Kidneys produce mOsm/liter. (active vitamin D) and - the hormone that stimulates RBC production. G. Kidneys can use glutamine (amino acid) to synthesize H. Kidneys excrete wastes such as from deamination of amino acids, from catabolism of hemoglobin, from breakdown of creatine phosphate, and from catabolism of nucleic acids.arrow_forward
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