Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 40, Problem 3AL
Trypanosomes are notorious for their ability to change their surface antigens frequently. Given the kinetics of a primary immune response (primary antibody production), how often would the surface antigen need to be changed to stay “ahead” of the antibody specificity?
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Mannose binding lectins (MBL) and ficolins are the two classes of proteins that can initiate the lectin pathway of complement activation. These proteins are selective for activating complement on the surfaces of microbial pathogens rather than host cells because:
Their higher-order oligomeric structure can be assembled only after the monomers first bind to pathogen membranes.
They only recruit MASP (MBL-associated serine proteases) proteins when bound to pathogen surfaces and not when bound to host cells.
They only undergo the conformational change needed to activate MASP proteins when bound to a pathogen and not when bound to a host cell.
They only bind to carbohydrate side chains and oligosaccharide modifications found on pathogen surfaces but not on host cell membranes.
The activated MASP proteins are rapidly inactivated by hydrolysis when present on the surface of a host cell.
Which of the following complement components are generated during the classical pathway
and bind independently to the membrane surface promoting immune adherence and
opsonizing effects?
C3b
O C3d
O C1q
O C2
4) A patient has their spleen removed due to an accident. How will this affect the immune response?
5) You come in contact with staphylococci through a cut. What cellular features will the immune cells recognize?
6) Name two opsonins and how do these molecules help the immune response?
7) Fever is part of the inflammatory process. What is the role of fever during an immune response?
8) This chemical is used to induce anti-viral responses in cells to protect the cells from viral infections.
9) This complement activation pathway is activated when complement binds to an antibody bound to antigens.
Chapter 40 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 40.2 - What is the morphology of B. dermatitidis in the...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 40.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.3 - How is a schizont formed? What is the cell type...Ch. 40.3 - Prob. 2MICh. 40.3 - What is the primary reservoir of leishmanias? What...Ch. 40.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 40.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 40.4 - Prob. 1MICh. 40.4 - How do fungi causing subcutaneous mycoses gain...Ch. 40.4 - Describe two piedras that infect humans.Ch. 40.4 - Briefly describe the major tineas that occur in...Ch. 40.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 40.5 - Upon entry into the human host by the nose or...Ch. 40.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 40.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 40.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.6 - What parts of the human body can be affected by...Ch. 40.6 - Prob. 5CCCh. 40 - Prob. 1RCCh. 40 - Prob. 2RCCh. 40 - Prob. 4RCCh. 40 - Prob. 5RCCh. 40 - Prob. 1ALCh. 40 - Prob. 2ALCh. 40 - Trypanosomes are notorious for their ability to...Ch. 40 - Prob. 4ALCh. 40 - Prob. 5AL
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- Patients with recurrent infections of Neisseria meningitidis, an extracellular bacterial pathogen that causes meningitis, were examined to determine the underlying cause of their immunodeficiency. A subset of these patients were found to have defects in complement activation on the bacterial surface, a process that for this bacterium is dominated by alternative complement activation leading to C3b deposition on the pathogen surface. When neutrophils from these patients were examined in vitro, the results, in the figure below, were obtained. Based on these data, the identity of the green neutrophil mediator in the figure below is likely to be: Complement factor B The C3 convertase Factor P (properdin) C3b Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)arrow_forwardThe figure above depicts an antibody. For the labeled areas, which statement among A-D is not correct? A) O Mature, functional IgA antibodies possess a total of two sites labeled A B) O Your IgM antibodies are all similar in these areas: A C) O During opsonization, area B would bind to a bacterium D) O Your IgD antibodies are all different in this area: B 111 E) O None are matched correctly. B.arrow_forwardDraw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: H chains, L chains, intrachain disulfide bonds, hinge, Fab, Fc, and all the domains. Indicate which domains are involved in antigen binding.arrow_forward
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