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Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
- Consider the mechanical energy equation: PE *+ Vg? + g ZB = + V? + gZA + W - loss + VA? +g ZA + W – loss where loss 20 Select ALL true statements below. a fluid particle will flow through point A before point B a fluid particle will flow through point B before point A points A and B do not lie on the same streamline if a turbine is present, w < 0 if a pump is present, w < 0 if the fluid is perfectly inviscid, loss can be 0arrow_forwardFor the piping system shown below, water is flowing from left to right at steady-state and constant temperature. You may assume the flow is frictionless. The pipe diameter is larger in section A than section B. The diameters of sections A and C are the same. If gravitation and frictional effects are negligible, which of the following relationships is true about the static pressure in sections A and B? Pc Ps Flow section A section B section C OPA Pg because pressure decreases as velocity increases at steady-state OPA = Pg because friction is assumed to be negligiblearrow_forwardIn this question, assume the "additional displacement" is in the positive u direction. A mass weighing 16 lbs stretches a spring 8 inches. The mass is in a medium that exerts a viscous resistance of 1 lbs when the mass has a velocity of 2 ft/sec. Suppose the object is displaced an additional 5 inches and released. Find an equation for the object's displacement, u(t), in feet after t seconds. u(t) =arrow_forward
- Fluid Mechanics a thin plate is separated from two fixed plates by very viscous liquids μ1 =0.10 pa.S and μ2 = 0.5 Pa.s respectively. the spacings between the center nplate and fixed plate are also hi = 16 cm and h2 = 11 cm, while the contact area between the center plate and each fluid is A= 340 cm^2. Assuming a linear velocity distribution in each fluid, determine the force F(in newton) required to pull the plate at velocity V=3.5 m/s.arrow_forwardAn incompressible viscous flow is contained between two parallel plates separated from each other by distance b. as shown in Figure 1. The flow is caused by the movement of the upper plate which has a velocity U, while the bottom plate is fixed. If U =3 m/s and b= 2.2 cm, and there is no pressure gradient in the flow direction. Fig Q1: Flow between two plates. The bottom is fixed and the upper is moving. Work to 4 significant digits. Enter all values using base units or their combinations, i.e. m, m/s, Pa, N. Do not use multiples as e.g. mm, kPa. You can use values with exponents, such as 0.12e3. a)Start with Navier-Stokes equations and determine the velocity at the point x = 5 cm and y= 0.53 cm. b)Calculate the magnitude of the vorticity at the same point. c)arrow_forwardThe two following 2 energy level systems (E; = 0 & E; = 1) are brought into thermal contact: System A: 8 distinguishable particles; UA = 4 System B: 4 distinguishable particles; UB = 1 If a single unit of energy transfers from System A to System B, what is the final Wtot for the combined system?arrow_forward
- An incompressible viscous flow is contained between two parallel plates separated from each other by distance b. as shown in Figure 1. The flow is caused by the movement of the upper plate which has a velocity U, while the bottom plate is fixed. If U =3 m/s and b= 2.2 cm, and there is no pressure gradient in the flow direction. Fig Q1: Flow between two plates. The bottom is fixed and the upper is moving. Work to 4 significant digits. Enter all values using base units or their combinations, i.e. m, m/s, Pa, N. Do not use multiples as e.g. mm, kPa. You can use values with exponents, such as 0.12e3. a) What is the velocity at the point x = 5 cm and y= 0.53 cm. Use Navier-Stokes equations. b) What is the magnitude value of vorticity at the same point. c) What is the rate of angular deformation at the same point.arrow_forwardThe altimeter on a low-speed Cessna 172 reads 8,000 ft. By an independent measurement, the outside air temperature is 505°R. If a Pitot tube mounted on the wingtip measures 1818 Ib/ft2, what is the true velocity of the airplane?arrow_forward70 Energy (Joule) ☎ 8 8 8 8 8 8 50 30 10 o S2FRT820 $2FRT730 AS2FRT650 S2HT940 o $2HT1150 0 -200 -150 S2FRT820 O -100 + S2HT940 A -50 0 Temperature (°C) O O S2FRT730 ... S2FRT650 $2HT1150 50 100 The figure shown corresponds to the absorbed energy of different ferritic steels in a temperature range of 1. What is the ductile-brittle transition temperature of S2FRT730 steel? 2. If a component will work at -50°C, what materials (from those shown) would you use to manufacture it? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.arrow_forward
- A mass weighting 24 lbs stretches a spring 3 inches. The mass is in a medium that exerts a viscous resistance of 21 lbs when the mass has a velocity of 6 ft/sec. Suppose the object is displaced an additional 6 inches and released. Find an equation for the object's displacement, u(t), in feet after t seconds. u(t) =arrow_forwardThe well-known Bernoulli equation is used to calculate the Bernoulli constant C in a flow, V² P P + +gz 2 where P is the pressure, p is the fluid density, Vis the magnitude of the velocity, g is the gravitational constant, and z is the elevation. In a water flow experiment (p = 1000. kg/m³), the following measurements are made: V = 15.0 +/- 0.15 m/s, and == 3.42 +/- 0.01 m P= 20.5 +/- 0.5 kPa, The gravitational constant is 9.81 m/s². Calculate the RSS uncertainty for the Bernoulli constant C, and write C in standard engineering notation (C = m²/s²). +/-arrow_forwardDuring actual processes of → expansion and compression of gases, the pressure and volume are usually be related to a process called polytropic, whose pressure can be expressed as P = CV-n where n is the polytropic exponent, and this can be equal to unity or different. a) If n = 1, show and explain the process that occurs and how the work of border? b) If n = 1, what process does the calculation of boundary work resemble, show and explain?arrow_forward
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