BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 2S
Use the information provided in table 4.3 to develop a set of predictions about the properties of mitochondria and chloroplasts if these organelles were once free-living prokaryotic cells. How do your predictions match with the evidence for endosymbiosis?
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According to the theory of endosymbiosis, organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, were once free-living cells that were absorbed into another cell. The relationship benefited both cells to stay together. What evidence do scientists observe today that supports the theory of endosymbiosis? Select all that apply.
a
There are ribosomes found inside mitochondria and chloroplasts just like there are inside cells.
b
Looking inside mitochondria and chloroplasts, one will find that they each contain their own DNA.
c
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are found inside all cell types.
d
Mitochondria and chloroplasts each have a membrane around them just like a cell would.
Which of the following statements supports the concept of the endosymbiotic theory?
A. Proteins may be trafficked within the endomembrane system.
B. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
C. Chloroplasts have many features in common with bacteria.
D. Mitochondria can fuse together to form larger organelles within eukaryotic cells.
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why did the primitive eukaryotic cell fail to digest the non-photosynthetic prokaryote that later became an energy-producing organelle?
Because the engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide.
Because the host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive.
Because the engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose.
Because the engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Chapter 4 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 4.1 - Discuss the cell theory.Ch. 4.1 - Describe the factors that limit cell size.Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.2 - Describe the organization of prokaryotic cells.Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.4 - Contrast the different functions of internal...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.5 - Describe the structure of mitochondria and...Ch. 4.5 - Compare the function of mitochondria and...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.6 - Contrast the structure and function of different...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4 - Prob. 1IQCh. 4 - Prob. 2IQCh. 4 - Prob. 3IQCh. 4 - Which of the following statements is NOT part of...Ch. 4 - All cells have all of the following except a....Ch. 4 - Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic...Ch. 4 - Which of the following are differences between...Ch. 4 - The cytoskeleton includes a. microtubules made of...Ch. 4 - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a. involved in...Ch. 4 - Plasmodesmata in plants and gap junctions in...Ch. 4 - The most important factor that limits the size of...Ch. 4 - All eukaryotic cells possess each of the following...Ch. 4 - Adherens junctions, which contain cadherin, are...Ch. 4 - Different motor proteins like kinesin and myosin...Ch. 4 - The protein sorting pathway involves the following...Ch. 4 - Chloroplasts and mitochondria have many common...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7ACh. 4 - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of...Ch. 4 - Use the information provided in table 4.3 to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3SCh. 4 - The protist Giardia intestinalis is the organism...
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- Name and describe the idea that explains how mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated in eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardThe mitochondria and chloroplast have small their own circular chromosomes, which is part of the evidence suggesting these organelles may have long ago been free-living prokaryotes that were brought into the cell in vesicles but not digested. True Falsearrow_forwardWhat is the endosymbiotic hypothesis about the origin of mitochondria? What are the molecular facts that support the hypothesis? To which other cellular organelles can the hypothesis also be applied?arrow_forward
- Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both unusual in that they have double membranes and contain their own set of DNA. Can you think of any explanations for this observation?arrow_forwardMitochondria and Earth’s higher concentration of atmospheric oxygen allowed early eukaryotes to evolve in size and complexity – to become larger and do more cellular work. Using your understanding of cellular respiration and the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain, discuss how endosymbiosis, and the evolution of mitochondria, was a critical factor in affecting cell size and how much work, i.e., metabolism, the cell can perform.arrow_forwardTell me three characteristics of mitochondria that support the endosymbiotic theoryarrow_forward
- Considering which organelles were created through the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is NOT something that the host could receive from the engulfing a symbiont? A. the engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) B. the host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive C. the engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide D. the engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucosearrow_forwardBased on the presence of mitochondria and chloroplast within eukaryotic cells, what organelle do you think originated within eukaryotic cells first: mitochondria or chloroplast? Why?arrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory pertains to which organelle within eukaryotes because of the presence of 70S ribosomes, circular DNA, and the replication of this organelle independent from mitosis? O 1) nucleus O 2) lysosomes. O 3) golgi 4) endoplasmic reticulum 5: O 5) mitochondriaarrow_forward
- Name three facts that show that mitochondria have bacterial origins.arrow_forwardDetermine whether the statement is true or false. State the answer directly, no need to explain. 1. Chlorophyll is the solar energy-capturing organelle derived from photosynthetic bacteria. 2. Proteins embedded on the plasma membrane may also transport some molecules to and outside the cell. 3. Nuclear envelope is a double membrane with pores that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. 4. Eukaryotic cells are considered the first cell type on Earth and are the cell type of bacteria and archaea. 5. Cell wall surrounds plasma membrane which is common among plants, fungi and many protists. 6. Ribosomes direct the synthesis of RNA. 7. The cytoskeleton is a network of interconnected membranes that helps move substances within the cell.arrow_forwardThe image below shows a density gradient centrifugation carried out to separate a mixture of lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria Organelle mixture 60L 1.11 Centrifuge 1.15 2 1.19 1.22 1.25 Which fraction would you take to obtain mitichondria, and why? O Fraction 2 because mitochondria contain haemoglobin. giving them a reddish colour O Fraction 3 because it is the most dense fraction O It is impossible to decide without further testing O Fraction 1 because it is the least dense fraction O Fraction 2, because mitochondria contain haem, giving them a reddish colour Increasing density of sucrose (g/cm³) 3.arrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License