Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118912652
Author: Philip J. Pritchard, John W. Mitchell
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 4, Problem 1P

An ice-cube tray containing 250 mL of freshwater at 15°C is placed in a freezer at −5°C. Determine the change in internal energy (kJ) and entropy (kJ/K) of the water when it has frozen.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
To determine

The change in internal energy and entropy of the water.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

The volume of the water (V) is 250 ml.

The temperature of the water (T1) is 15°C.

The temperature of the freezer (T2) is 5°C.

Calculation:

Consider the density of the water (ρ) is 999kg/m3 and the specific heat at constant volume (cP) is 1 kcalkgK.

Calculate the change in entropy (ΔS).

  ΔS=m(s2s1)ΔS=ρVcvln(T2T1)=999kg/m3×(250ml)×1 kcalkgK×ln(5°C15°C)=999kg/m3×(250ml)×1 kcalkgK×ln(268 K288 K)=0.01797kcalkg×4190 J1 kcal=75.32 J/K=0.0753 kJ/K

Thus, the change in entropy is (Δs) is 0.0753 kJ/K_.

Calculate the change in internal energy (ΔU).

  ΔU=mcv(T2T1)ΔU=ρVcv(T2T1)=999kg/m3×(250ml×106m31ml)×1 kcalkgK×(5°C15°C)=999kg/m3×(250×106m3)×kcalkgK×(268 K288 K)=4.995kcalkg×4190 J1 kcal=20929.05 J/K=20.929 kJ/K

Thus, the change in internal energy is (Δs) is 20.929 kJ/K_.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Ch. 4 - The area shown shaded is in a flow where the...Ch. 4 - Obtain an expression for the kinetic energy flux,...Ch. 4 - A 0.3 m by 0.5 m rectangular air duct carries a...Ch. 4 - Across a shock wave in a gas flow there is a great...Ch. 4 - Water flows in a pipeline composed of 75-mm and...Ch. 4 - The velocity distribution for laminar flow in a...Ch. 4 - A farmer is spraying a liquid through 10 nozzles,...Ch. 4 - A university laboratory that generates 15 m3/s of...Ch. 4 - Hydrogen is being pumped through a pipe system...Ch. 4 - Calculate the mean velocities for these...Ch. 4 - If the velocity profile in a passage of width 2R...Ch. 4 - Fluid with 1040 kg/m3 density is flowing steadily...Ch. 4 - A rice farmer needs to fill a 150 m 400 m field...Ch. 4 - In your kitchen, the sink is 60 cm by 45.7 cm. by...Ch. 4 - Fluid passes through this set of thin closely...Ch. 4 - A pipeline 0.3 m in diameter divides at a Y into...Ch. 4 - A manifold pipe of 3 in. diameter has four...Ch. 4 - You are trying to pump storm water out of your...Ch. 4 - In the incompressible flow through the device...Ch. 4 - Water enters a wide, flat channel of height 2h...Ch. 4 - Find the average efflux velocity V if the flow...Ch. 4 - Find V for this mushroom cap on a pipeline. 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The sprinkler...Ch. 4 - When a garden hose is used to fill a bucket, water...Ch. 4 - A pipe branches symmetrically into two legs of...Ch. 4 - Compressed air is stored in a pressure bottle with...Ch. 4 - A turbine is supplied with 0.6 m3/s of water from...Ch. 4 - Air is drawn from the atmosphere into a...Ch. 4 - At high speeds the compressor and turbine of the...Ch. 4 - Transverse thrusters are used to make large ships...Ch. 4 - All major harbors are equipped with fire boats for...Ch. 4 - A pump draws water from a reservoir through a...Ch. 4 - Liquid flowing at high speed in a wide, horizontal...
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