Physical Universe
16th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862619
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B. (konrad Bates), Beiser, Arthur
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 4, Problem 12E
Every body of matter
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Physical Universe
Ch. 4 - In 2100 the number of people in the world is...Ch. 4 - Arrange these sources in the order of the energy...Ch. 4 - Of the following, the energy source likely to be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4 - Prob. 6MCCh. 4 - Energy not ultimately derived from solar radiation...Ch. 4 - If present trends continue, an optimistic average...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9MCCh. 4 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 4 - The radiation from an object at room temperature...Ch. 4 - The earths atmosphere is primarily heated by a....Ch. 4 - Prob. 13MCCh. 4 - Prob. 14MCCh. 4 - Prob. 15MCCh. 4 - Of the following fuels, the one that gives off the...Ch. 4 - Of the following fuels, the one that gives off the...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a fossil fuel? a....Ch. 4 - Prob. 19MCCh. 4 - The proportion of oil used by the United States...Ch. 4 - Most oil today is used for a. transportation b....Ch. 4 - Prob. 22MCCh. 4 - Prob. 23MCCh. 4 - The least polluting of the following fuels is a....Ch. 4 - Prob. 25MCCh. 4 - Prob. 26MCCh. 4 - The worst emitters of mercury, which damages the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 28MCCh. 4 - Of the following countries, the one that obtains...Ch. 4 - The proportion of electricity generated in the...Ch. 4 - In the relatively near future, the technology most...Ch. 4 - Prob. 32MCCh. 4 - Bright sunlight might deliver energy to an area of...Ch. 4 - The output of which of the following renewable...Ch. 4 - Prob. 35MCCh. 4 - Of the following technologies, the one that may...Ch. 4 - Of the following technologies, the one farthest...Ch. 4 - Biofuels based on which of the following seem to...Ch. 4 - Of the following, the strategy for coping with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 40MCCh. 4 - Population and Prosperity 1. What are the three...Ch. 4 - Energy Supply and Consumption 2. Even if the...Ch. 4 - The average rate of energy consumption per person...Ch. 4 - List the fossil fuels in the order in which they...Ch. 4 - Explain how sunlight is responsible for these...Ch. 4 - What energy sources cannot be traced to sunlight...Ch. 4 - Approximately what proportion of the worlds...Ch. 4 - (a) Give two reasons why global warming is causing...Ch. 4 - Once the polar ice sheets have melted beyond a...Ch. 4 - The oceans as well as the atmosphere are growing...Ch. 4 - When was the last time world temperatures were as...Ch. 4 - Every body of matter radiates light. What is...Ch. 4 - What is the nature of the greenhouse effect in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - Prob. 15ECh. 4 - (a) Why is deforestation so important in global...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Most of the worlds oil is used as a fuel for what...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4 - What is the chief reason why the average fuel...Ch. 4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4 - Why is natural gas rarely used as a vehicle fuel?Ch. 4 - What is methane hydrate? Where is it found and why...Ch. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - Prob. 28ECh. 4 - Prob. 29ECh. 4 - Prob. 30ECh. 4 - What is the basic difference between nuclear...Ch. 4 - What role does uranium play in nuclear energy...Ch. 4 - How does a nuclear power plant produce...Ch. 4 - Explain why no nuclear power plants were planned...Ch. 4 - Prob. 35ECh. 4 - Prob. 36ECh. 4 - Prob. 37ECh. 4 - Prob. 38ECh. 4 - Prob. 39ECh. 4 - Give several reasons why fossil-fuel energy is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 41ECh. 4 - Prob. 42ECh. 4 - Prob. 43ECh. 4 - Prob. 44ECh. 4 - (a) What major advantage does geothermal energy...Ch. 4 - Prob. 46ECh. 4 - Prob. 47ECh. 4 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 49ECh. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Prob. 51ECh. 4 - A major obstacle to a worldwide agreement on...Ch. 4 - Explain the cap-and-trade system for controlling...
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- As the sun shines on a 1500 kg concrete slab the slab absorbs 3.4 kJ of energy. concrete’s specific heat is 0.880 J/(g⋅°C) What will be the increase in temperature as this occurs?arrow_forwardEarth's daylight surface disk absorbs about 1036 W per m2 from the Sun. Using 6400 km for the Earth's radius, how much of this radiative power is emitted by each square meter of the spherical Earth? Hint: Compare the ratio of the disk area to the spherical surface area.arrow_forwardAn astrophysicist determines the surface temperature of a distant star is 14,600 K. The surface temperature of the Sun is about 5800 K. "If the surface temperature of the Sun were to suddenly increase to 14,600 K, by how much would the radiated heat increase? (Express your answer to two significant figures.)arrow_forward
- Climate change represents a global threat to the prosperity and security of humans and other species. An added element of uncertainty regarding Earth's climate future has to do with feedback loops in the climate system. One positive feedback is associated with the loss of glaciers, sea ice, and snow pack. Ice reflects about 90% of the radiant energy incident upon it, so the polar ice caps reflect significant amounts of solar energy. As the planet warms and surface ice is lost, the Earth becomes less reflective, absorbs more energy from the sun and thus heats up more rapidly. A negative climate feedback is associated with the amount of energy that Earth loses to space. As the planet warms the Stefan-Boltzmann law indicates that it will radiate more energy. Earth's average surface temperature over the 20th century was 56.7F. Since 1880 the average temperature of Earth has increased by about .830 degrees C. What is the fractional increase in power radiated away by the planet in 2021…arrow_forwardTwo liquids are examined: 200 grams of water at 20 degrees Celsius (specific heat of 4.186 J/g*c) and 200 grams of vegetable oil at the same temperature (specific heat of 2.0 J/g*c). If 10,000 Joules of energy is added to each, what is the difference in temperature between these two substances?arrow_forwardIf the sun’s radiation was to increase by 10%, Energy emitted by the Earth’s surface wouldarrow_forward
- What percentage of the incoming solar radiation (341.3 W/m2) gets reflected directly back to space by the atmosphere alone?arrow_forwardYou have a 200g cup of coffee at 70 degrees Celsius. You add 20g of milk to it. The milk is at 10 degrees Celsius. The specific heat of coffee is equal to the specific heat of water (4180 J/kg/C) and the specific heat of milk is about 3800 J/kg/C.) What is the change in the temperature of the coffee? (in degrees Celsius).arrow_forwardA black body radiator in the The shape of a sphere has a surface area of 1.1 m². If the temperature of the object is 1015 K how much energy (in watts) does it emit per second?arrow_forward
- One gram of water and 1 gram of soil (“land”) are at a temperature of 20°C (68°F). If 5 calories of heat are added to each, what will be the temperature of the water and what will be the approximate temperature of the soil?arrow_forwardA carbon dioxide laser used in surgery emits infrared radiation with a wavelength of 10.6 µm. In 1.10 ms, this laser raised the temperature of 0.127 mm3 of flesh to 100°C and evaporated it. (Assume that the initial temperature of the flesh is 37.0°C, the heat of vaporization of water is 2,256 kJ/kg, the specific heat of flesh is the same as that of water, 4,186 J/(kg · °C), and the density of flesh is the same as that of water, 1,000 kg/m3.) How many photons were required? You may assume flesh has the same heat of vaporization as water. What was the minimum power output (in W) during the flash?arrow_forwardEarth's core has a temperature of approximately 5200 degrees Celcius. How much is it in Farenheit?arrow_forward
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