Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 38.2, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason why selfing is an advantageous procedure and yet an evolutionary dead end.
Concept introduction: Self-pollination is the pollination of a flower (in flowering plants) by a pollen grain from same or other flower on same plant. Selfing is an “evolutionary dead-end” because it causes loss of genetic diversity and seldom introduces new characters.
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Self-fertilization, or selfing, seems to have obvious disadvantages as a reproductive “strategy” in nature, and ithas even been called an “evolutionary dead end.” So it issurprising that about 20% of angiosperm species primarily rely on selfing. Suggest a reason why selfing might beadvantageous and yet still be an evolutionary dead end.
Angiosperms are the most diverse group of plants on the planet, by far. However, using flowers for reproduction does have potential disadvantages. Briefly describe two possible challenges (e.g., problems, risks, costs, etc.) that might be associated with using flowers as a reproductive strategy.
Most of the approximately 900 species of gymnosperms are conebearing plants. On the surfaces of their cone scales are ovules, which later become seeds. These ovules are said to be naked because they are not completely enclosed by diploid tissue (as the ovules of angiosperms are). This characteristic gives the gymnosperms their name; gymnos is a Greek word meaning naked, and sperma means seed. Botanists now divide the gymnosperms into four groups: conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.
Chapter 38 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 38.1 - Distinguish between pollination and fertilization.Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 38.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Does the life cycle of humans...Ch. 38.2 - What are three ways that flowering plants avoid...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 38.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 38.3 - Compare traditional plant-breeding methods with...Ch. 38.3 - Why does Bt maize have less fumonisin than non-GM...Ch. 38.3 - WHAT IF? In a few species, chloroplast genes are...Ch. 38 - What changes occur to the four types of floral...
Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.2CRCh. 38 - Prob. 38.3CRCh. 38 - A fruit is (A) a mature ovary. (B) a mature ovule....Ch. 38 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 38 - Double fertilization means that (A) flowers must...Ch. 38 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 38 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 38 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 38 - The black dots that cover strawberries are...Ch. 38 - DRAW IT Draw and label the parts of a flower.Ch. 38 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 38 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 38 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Humans have...Ch. 38 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 38 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This colorized SEM shows...
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- Which statement below is correct regarding the formation of the endosperm in angiosperms? O the endosperm is formed from the female gametophyte and is haploid O a single sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg nucleus to become the diploid zygote O a sperm nucleus forms both the zygote and the endosperm through double fertilization O a second sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei of the egg sac МacВook Pro G Search or type URL @ 2# $ & * 2 3 4 6 8 W E R Yarrow_forwardThe best answer describing angiosperm fertilization is: O a single sperm fertilizes an egg a single sperm fertilizes the antipodal cells O a single sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei one sperm fertilizes the egg, one fuses with the two polar nuclei to create 3N tissue one sperm fertilizes the egg, one fuses with the antipodal cells to create 3N tissuearrow_forwardImagine that you are a member of a research group conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. Your group has submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document.Unit 8 DQ Question: Why is seed dispersal important in the life of plants? What would be the consequences of having seeds that simply fell to the ground underneath the parent tree? (Editor’s note: addressing this question will provide needed background information to the ‘Introduction’ of your paper).arrow_forward
- There are the two main characteristics specific to members of angiosperm and attributed as the reason for their success and diversity. What are they and explain how each contributes to the success of this group of plantsarrow_forwardOne difference between mosses and angiosperms (flowering plants) is that: 1. mosses spend equal amounts of time in the gametophytic and sporophytic phases of the life cycle 2. angiosperms spend more time in the haploid phase of the life cycle 3. angiosperms spend more time in the diploid phase of the life cycle 4. a & b 5. a & carrow_forwardWhich of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms? a. The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves. b. Reproductive structures are located in a flower. c. After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit. d. The gametophyte is longest phase of the life cycle.arrow_forward
- In flowers, the structures that produce male gametophytes are called _______ ;the strcutures that produce female gametophytes are called _______ . a. pollen grains; flowers c. anthers; stigma b. stamen; carpels d. megaspores; microsporesarrow_forwardMost extant species of gymnosperms are now considered as "living fossils", why is that so? Give some insights on why gymnosperms were not able to dominate land despite of having seeds.arrow_forwardMost angiosperms incorporate the assistance of animals in their reproductive cycle. This is a major advancement that gave them an advantage over other plant lineages and helped them become the dominant type of plant on Earth today. Which of the following steps in the reproduction of angiosperms do animals assist with? Check all that apply. Pollination Fertilization Seed dispersalarrow_forward
- Plants and animals originated in water environments and, much later, plants invaded the land and later still, animals invaded the land. a) With respect to the four groups of plants (Bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms), give the basic method of fertilization. That is, how do the sperm reach the eggs? b) What is the significance of the fertilization methods to the invasion of the land by the Gymnosperms and Angiosperms?arrow_forwardThe Cretaceous Period was marked by the increase in number and variety of angiosperms. Insects also diversified enormously during the same period. Can you propose the reason or reasons that could foster coevolution?arrow_forwardThe life cycle of the flowering plants and the gymnosperms is different in many ways. One way that they are similar however is; They both engage in double fertilization The seed coats for gymnosperms and angiosperms comes from the parent plant and is diploid Both the flowering plants and gymnosperms reproduce by using strobili Both the angiosperms and the gymnosperms are homosporous and produce one type of gametophytearrow_forward
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