Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 35, Problem 9RQ
Summary Introduction
To define: Plasma cell, memory cell, natural killer cell, secondary response, opsonization, titer, challenge, cytokine, and interleukin-2.
Introduction: The immune system is a complex system essential for the survival of humans. The immune system is divided into two types – the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The immune system provides protection from foreign bodies.
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Classify the following images into the type of defense it represents.
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antigen-presenting cell
Clonal selection
of B cells
Helper T (T4) cell
Macrophage-
activating factor
Other cytokines
Macrophage activity
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Interleukin
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Cellular Immunity
Humoral Immunity
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In the table below, identify the type of acquired immunity represented in each of the cases
described. Use the information in the figure below to answer this question.
Case
A
3
C
D
Case
Someone has recovered from an infection with
measles virus and is now immune to the virus.
Someone is vaccinated against poliovirus
A newborn is immune to a disease that his mother
had recovered from earlier.
A patient is injected with immune serum to protect
her against hepatitis B virus.
Naturally
acquired
Adaptive
immunity
Type of Acquired Immunity
Artificially
acquired
What are the roles of the following cytokines in defense against infections:
1) TNF
2) IL-12
3) Type I Interferon
Chapter 35 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 35 - Distinguish susceptibility from resistance, and...Ch. 35 - Prob. 2RQCh. 35 - After a phagocyte has engulfed a particle, what...Ch. 35 - Prob. 4RQCh. 35 - What is the molecular basis of self and nonself...Ch. 35 - Prob. 6RQCh. 35 - Prob. 7RQCh. 35 - Prob. 8RQCh. 35 - Prob. 9RQCh. 35 - Prob. 10RQ
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- Draw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial infection caused by injury to the skin (in 3 main stages). Include a note at top of figure: Is this an example of an innate response or adaptive immune response? Include the following structures/cells/chemicals: epidermis, dermis, splinter contaminated with bacteria puncturing skin, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, nitric oxide (as blue dots), endothelial cells lining capillary, red blood cells within capillary, histamine (as green dots). Under each stage, describe the events occurring in the 3 main stages: Stage 1: What do mast cells and endothelial cells produce in initial response to injury? What do the chemicals produced by the cells do? Stage 2: What happens to capillaries? What leaks out of capillaries to enter the site of the wound? Stage 3: What do neutrophils and macrophages do? What happens to capillaries at this point?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is TRUE? TLRS in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes. O TLRS on the surface of microbes trigger the accumulation of opsonins. O Lectins on the surface of microbes are bound by chemokine receptors. NOD proteins on the surface of microbes are detected by TLRS. Question 3 A person has a disease that has activated the first line of defense. Which of the follcaarrow_forwardThe effector mechanisms that are recruited to clear an infection depend on the infectious agent. In addition to producing distinct innate responses locally at the site of infection, the different cytokines produced during type I, type 2, or type 3 immune responses also induce distinct adaptive immune responses that are tailored to the eradication of the three different classes of pathogens. One example is the production of different classes of antibodies during type I, type 2, or type 3 responses. Which step during the induction of the adaptive immune response is the key to generating and coordinating the three different immune modules?arrow_forward
- Drag the labels to correctly relate host cells to the defense processes they carry out. Active in worm and fungal infections Mast cells Reset Predominant phagocytic cell to kill bacteria Allergic and inflammatory symptoms Myeloid progenitor Neutrophils Eosinophils Matures into macrophages and dendritic cells Matures into macrophages and dendric cels Stem cell Cell-mediated immunity Monocyte Lymphoid progenitor Produce antibodies B lymphocyte T lymphocytearrow_forward1) According to the video, what is another name for the innate immune sys and what does this system do? 2) According to the video, what causes inflammation and what cells cause it? 3) According to the video, what happens to neutrophils after they consume a pathogen? 4) According to the video, natural killer cells; what do they do? 5) The adaptive/acquired immune system can tell the difference between types of pathogens: true or false? 6) According to the video, helper t- function: 7) According to the video, cytotoxic t cells function: 8) According to the video, memory cells function:arrow_forwardDescribe some factors that weaken host defenses and increase susceptibility to infection.arrow_forward
- What is the difference between an allergy and an autoimmune response?arrow_forwardTrue or False: In non-disseminated infections, Mycobacterium species are restrained by type-1 responses which increase macrophage phagocytic activity, NK and T cell activation. True or False: The low-affinity Fcε receptor (FcεRII/CD23) on mast cells will bind to IgE in tissues in the absence of antigen.arrow_forwardDescribe in chronological order the steps involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to infected tissue sites during an innate immune response. Use the following terms in your description: rolling adhesion, tight binding, extravasation, migration, inflammatory mediators, integrins, adhesion molecules, chemokines, selectins, sialyl-Lewisx, and basement membrane proteases.arrow_forward
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