Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34, Problem 2SYK
Summary Introduction

To describe: Several examples from the evolution of vertebrates that demonstrate common theme of evolutionary of exaptation that new adaptations commonly evolve from pre-existing structures.

Introduction: Vertebrates are animals with a backbone or a vertebral column. Vertebrates include bony fishes, jawed vertebrates include cartilaginous fishes such as ratfish, sharks, jawed fishes, and tetrapods include reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and birds.

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Ostrich wings are vestigial because they are too rudimentary to perform the function for which they evolved in the species’ flying ancestor. Nonetheless, the ostrich uses its wings for other purposes. For example, an ostrich may extend its wings to the side while running, to help maintain balance, and it may spread its wings as part of a threat display. These uses show that evolution by natural selection can sometimes repurpose vestigial structures that have lost the function for which they originally evolved. But whether a vestigial structure remains useless or acquires a new function, it is homologous to the version that retains its original function in other organisms and provides evidence of common ancestry. But are all similarities between different organisms the result of shared ancestry?
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