Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 31.3, Problem 1.3CC
List two ways in which compounds produced by rhizosphere and rhizoplane microbes promote plant growth.
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you have isolated a Bacillus species and would like to test its plant growth promoting abilities. other than nitrogen fixation and ACC deaminase production, discuss three other traits that you would look for and their significance in promoting plant growth.
Which of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have
so few rhizobial nodules on their roots?
When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having
rhizobial nodules.
The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the
soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea
plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia.
The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the
soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia
to keep the nitrogen for itself.
When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to
having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies
so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.
Soil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to
ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic)
and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What
is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems?
A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major
problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and
Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.
Chapter 31 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 31.1 - How are filamentous microbes especially well...Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 31.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 31.1 - What microbes commonly degrade cellulose and...Ch. 31.1 - Which of the following soils would a farmer be...Ch. 31.1 - Why is most nitrogen fertilizer added as ammonium...Ch. 31.2 - What are the differences in preferred soil...Ch. 31.2 - What types of archaea have been detected in soils?Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 31.3 - Define rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and associative...
Ch. 31.3 - What unique stresses does a microorganism on a...Ch. 31.3 - List two ways in which compounds produced by...Ch. 31.3 - What important genera are involved in associative...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 31.3 - Prob. 2.1CCCh. 31.3 - Prob. 2.2CCCh. 31.3 - What is the function of the rhizomorph and the...Ch. 31.3 - Describe the uptake and transfer of ammonium by...Ch. 31.3 - Propose two potential functions for mycorrhization...Ch. 31.3 - How do you think Frankia spp. protect nitrogenase...Ch. 31.3 - List several bacteria that are considered...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 3.2CCCh. 31.3 - What does the term terminally differentiated mean?Ch. 31.3 - How does nitrogen transfer between a rhizobium and...Ch. 31.3 - What is unusual about leghemoglobin production and...Ch. 31.3 - What are the two general mechanisms by which...Ch. 31.3 - How does the production of opines by the plant...Ch. 31.3 - What is the difference between the Ti plasmid and...Ch. 31.3 - What functions do the members of the two-component...Ch. 31.3 - What are the two general ways by which plant...Ch. 31.3 - How are plant pathologists attempting to control...Ch. 31.4 - Compare and contrast the metabolism (specifically,...Ch. 31.4 - What happens in terms of microbiological processes...Ch. 31.4 - What microbial genera have been observed in oil...Ch. 31 - Prob. 1RCCh. 31 - Prob. 2RCCh. 31 - Prob. 3RCCh. 31 - Prob. 4RCCh. 31 - Prob. 5RCCh. 31 - Prob. 6RCCh. 31 - Prob. 7RC
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- Which of the following biofertilizer extends the root system's reach, allowing for enhanced water and nutrient absorption? Explain.a. Bio-N (Corn) [Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense] b. Trichoderma [Trichoderma sp.]c. Mykovam [vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza]arrow_forwardIf it were possible to increase nitrogen transport from rhizobia in root nodules to any part of soybean plants, what implications would this have for agriculture and food?arrow_forwardBlack spot fungus is a disease that is known to attack roses in humid climates. At first, small black spots appear on the leaves. If left untreated, the entire plant can die. From this information, what is mostly the main cause of the demise? a) The plants’ cells are unable to carry out aerobic respiration. b) The leaves are unable to manufacture enough sugar to maintain the health of the plant. c) The roots are unable to absorb enough water. d) The stems are unable to support the plant.arrow_forward
- Choose correct option and explain. A plant wilts when- a) sunlight is not available and the rate of photosynthesis slows down. b) the mycorrhizae among its roots have "stolen" too much water from the plant. c) it is sad. d) turgor pressure in cells' central vacuoles is high. e) turgor pressure in cells' central vacuoles is lowarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a way in which antifungaldrugs are effective?(a) They interfere with nucleic acid synthesis.(b) They increase plasma membrane permeability causingexcessive leakiness of essential substances.(c) They can impair the mitotic spindle apparatus.(d) They can induce mycorrhizae production.(e) None of the abovearrow_forwardThe specific relationship between a legume and its mutualisticRhizobium strain probably depends on(A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus.(B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase thatworks only in the appropriate legume host.(C) each legume being found where the soil has only theRhizobium specific to that legume.(D) specific recognition between chemical signals and signalreceptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species.arrow_forward
- Plants do not require oxygen to produce ATP. A) True B) Falsearrow_forwardDescribe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes.arrow_forwardThe rhizosphere is:Group of answer choices A.) an area 1-2 mm in thickness adjacent to the root. B.) Bacteria that assists in the conversion nitrogen gas. C. ) Fungi that assists in the absorption of micronutrients. D.) All of the abovearrow_forward
- How can phytohormones maximize the growth and development of their plants without compromising the integrity of the plants?arrow_forwardThe secondary metabolite found in great abundance in the secondary cell walls of secondary xylem (wood) cells is:arrow_forwardDiscuss the three stages in the formation of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing associations in legumes.arrow_forward
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