Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 31.1, Problem 1MI
How are filamentous microbes especially well suited to the soil ecosystem?
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All of the following are true about soil microorganismsEXCEPT:(a) They never affect or change the physical characteristicsof their soil microenvironment.(b) They are considered to be a part of the soil.(c) All major microbial taxonomic groups can be found insoil (bacteria, fungi, algae, protists, viruses).(d) Species of the genus Clostridium contain important hu-man pathogens found in soil.(e) They are important as decomposers in the carbon andnitrogen cycles.
Which of the following occurs when a biofilm (or a part of it) begins to starve or experiences oxygen depletion?
A) O attachment
B) O quorum sensing
C) O EPS (exopolysaccharide) production
D) O dissolution or dispersal
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Chapter 31 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 31.1 - How are filamentous microbes especially well...Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 31.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 31.1 - What microbes commonly degrade cellulose and...Ch. 31.1 - Which of the following soils would a farmer be...Ch. 31.1 - Why is most nitrogen fertilizer added as ammonium...Ch. 31.2 - What are the differences in preferred soil...Ch. 31.2 - What types of archaea have been detected in soils?Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 31.3 - Define rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and associative...
Ch. 31.3 - What unique stresses does a microorganism on a...Ch. 31.3 - List two ways in which compounds produced by...Ch. 31.3 - What important genera are involved in associative...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 31.3 - Prob. 2.1CCCh. 31.3 - Prob. 2.2CCCh. 31.3 - What is the function of the rhizomorph and the...Ch. 31.3 - Describe the uptake and transfer of ammonium by...Ch. 31.3 - Propose two potential functions for mycorrhization...Ch. 31.3 - How do you think Frankia spp. protect nitrogenase...Ch. 31.3 - List several bacteria that are considered...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 3.2CCCh. 31.3 - What does the term terminally differentiated mean?Ch. 31.3 - How does nitrogen transfer between a rhizobium and...Ch. 31.3 - What is unusual about leghemoglobin production and...Ch. 31.3 - What are the two general mechanisms by which...Ch. 31.3 - How does the production of opines by the plant...Ch. 31.3 - What is the difference between the Ti plasmid and...Ch. 31.3 - What functions do the members of the two-component...Ch. 31.3 - What are the two general ways by which plant...Ch. 31.3 - How are plant pathologists attempting to control...Ch. 31.4 - Compare and contrast the metabolism (specifically,...Ch. 31.4 - What happens in terms of microbiological processes...Ch. 31.4 - What microbial genera have been observed in oil...Ch. 31 - Prob. 1RCCh. 31 - Prob. 2RCCh. 31 - Prob. 3RCCh. 31 - Prob. 4RCCh. 31 - Prob. 5RCCh. 31 - Prob. 6RCCh. 31 - Prob. 7RC
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- Describe the four functional groups of soil bacteria, and how they affect plants and crops?arrow_forwardWhat are biofertilisers? A farmer is advised to add a culture of bacterium in the soil before sowing the crop. Name the bacterium in the culture. How is this bacterium useful to the crop?arrow_forwardWhich bacterium reduces nitrates in soil to nitrogen?arrow_forward
- Why are extended periods of exponential microbialgrowth in nature rare and often slower than ratesrecorded in laboratory settings?arrow_forwardWhat is the role of nitrate in microbial metabloism?arrow_forwardBiofilms represent an important environmental niche. A) How does growth on a surface differ from growth in a suspended laboratory culture? (In other words: How do biofilm-forming cultures differ from planktonic cultures) B) Describe the stages of biofilm development including cellular and extracellular components? C) What processes regulate might regulate biofilm formation? Is quorum sensing involved and if so, how common is it? D) Why would biofilms promote the formation of genetic variants? What are the mechanisms by which this might occur? These questions are all related.arrow_forward
- Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are serious concern. They are not easily treated compared with those involving free-floating bacteria. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic.arrow_forwardYou're in charge of bioremediation of jet fuel-contaminated soil. Your colleague advises that you add nitrogen and phosphate to the soil to encourage the development of naturally existing hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. However, you've just read about a new microbe slurry containing nutrients and a surfactant that's being marketed. What information do you need to gather in order to choose the best course of action? How are you going to get these numbers?arrow_forwardWhy would farmers be concerned about nitrifying bacteria?arrow_forward
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