Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 31, Problem 1CQ
List several common traits that lead evolutionary biologists to infer that land plants evolved from ancestors related to modern streptophyte algae.
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Draw a phylogeny of the following groups of the Archiplastida: red algae, charophytes, mosses, lycophytes, pterophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
Mark on the phylogeny at least six evolutionary transitions in life cycle.
Can you please draw on a sheet of paper
Review the life cycles of the three major plant groups (bryophyte or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants). Be able to identify the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in each plant group.
Make one graph that shows patterns of changes in the following characteristics, as the different plant groups (bryophytes or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants) appeared or evolved on land through time.
1) size of the gametophyte generation
2) size of the sporophyte generation
3) biomass (amount of organic material) stored in the sporophyte
4) degree of dependence on water for fertilization
Make sure the y- and x- axes of the graph, labels and title are included and correctly applied.
If the stomata of bryophytes and of vascular plants are not an example of convergent evolution, what is an alternative explanation for their appearance in these groups?
Chapter 31 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 31.2 - Why did giant dragonflies exist during the...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 31.4 - What were the goals of the Browning and Gunning...Ch. 31.4 - Prob. 2EQCh. 31.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 31.5 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 31.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 31.5 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Figure...Ch. 31.5 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 31 - The simplest and most ancient phylum of modern...Ch. 31 - Prob. 2TYCh. 31 - A seedless plant phylum that is included in the...Ch. 31 - Prob. 4TYCh. 31 - The seed plants are also known as a. bryophytes....Ch. 31 - Prob. 6TYCh. 31 - Prob. 7TYCh. 31 - Prob. 8TYCh. 31 - Prob. 9TYCh. 31 - Prob. 10TYCh. 31 - List several common traits that lead evolutionary...Ch. 31 - Prob. 2CQCh. 31 - Prob. 3CQCh. 31 - Prob. 1COQCh. 31 - Prob. 2COQ
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- You are asked to survey an area and identify all plant and animal species you come across. On your survey, you come across a plant you are not familiar with and must do some research to figure out what it is. To do this, your first step is to determine whether this plant is classified in the class Monocotyledonae or a Eudicotyledonae. Explain how you can tell if this plant is a Monocot or Eudicot by describing the differences in their flowers, seeds, roots, stems, and leaves. 1.arrow_forwardWhat major characteristic of green algae (Chlorophyta) supports the hypothesis that they are ancestral to flowering plants (Anthophyta)?arrow_forwardPhylogenetic analyses of land plants and their close relatives determined that the land plants form a monophyletic group (pass one-snip-test). This suggests, Select one: O a. There was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats b. Flowering plants arose first O c. No changes have occurred in lands plants since they transition to a terrestrial habitat O d. Wind-pollinated plants arose first e. There were many transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitatsarrow_forward
- Many fungi are decomposers and degrade organic matter (such as wood and leaf litter). It has become clear that many of these decomposers are also able to colonize live plants as endophytes (living inside the plant without causing any harm) and allowing for prime access to plant tissues once the plant dies. Explain, using the principles of natural selection, how having the ability to be both a decomposer and endophyte evolved. Make sure you include the four steps of evolution by natural selection in your response.arrow_forwardIdentify four derived traits that distinguish plants from charophyte green algae and facilitate life on land. Explain.arrow_forwardCreate a hypothetical phylogenetic tree using 11 plant species listed below. Chara, Nitella, Marchantia, Polytrichum, Equistem, Psilotum, Polypodium, Pinus, Zamia, Arabidopsis, and Lilium. Divide the species into five specific groups (Charophytes, Bryophytes, Monolithophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms) which will be the clades of your phylogenetic tree.arrow_forward
- Horsetalls are a group of seedless vascular plants are often representative of a separate evolutionary line of Pteridophytes. The photo below illustrates an unusual difference between the Pteridophytes and the Equisetales. Which answer below best represents this unusual difference? a Equisetales have a separate vegetative and fertile shoots Equisetales are gametophyte dominant Equisetales don't produce spores Equisetale sporophytes are nutritionally dependent upon the gametophyte phase MacBooarrow_forwardGreen algae are believed to be the ancestors of the bryophyte. Cite four distinct lines of evidence to support this belief.arrow_forwardFerns, such as the one in the picture, can be found today. they are usually found growing in warming climates. However, fossils of ferns have been found in places with cold climates where it often snows today. What can we conclude about the place where the fossils of ferns have been found? A) ferns used to live in cold climates. B) these places once had a warmer climate. C) these places once had a colder climate D) someone tired to grow ferns in cold climatesarrow_forward
- FILL UP THE TABLE WITH 1=PRESENT AND 0=ABSENT Xylem Wood and Phloem Seeds Chloroplast Cuticle and Flower Chlamydomonas Marchantia Psilotum Gingko |xora Construct a phylogenetic tree for the following OTU and use bars to denote their apomorphiesarrow_forwardMatch the following taxa and descriptions to their corresponding and appropriate group or classification. Match each item to a choice: The Yew Family The pollen cones would bear leaf-life structures called microsporophylls while the seed cones would bear megasporophylls. The leaves are palm-like, however, they are not related with the True Palms One of the most ancient plants that served as food for non-flying dinosaurs. The Araucaria Family The Cypress Family The Pine Family The Podocarp Family Also known as the Maidenhair Tree Family This gymnosperm is a dioecious plant with fan-shaped leaves Choices: : Cupressaceae : Cycadaceae : Ginkgoaceae Тахасеае : Сусadaceae Сусadaceaе : Ginkgoaceae ::: :::arrow_forwardDraw a tree depicting our current understanding of land plant phylogeny. Include the four major groups of land plants at the tips of your tree, label the common ancestor of land plants, and mark where each of the critical innovations arose: embryo, sporopollenin, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers.arrow_forward
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