College Physics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321902788
Author: Hugh D. Young, Philip W. Adams, Raymond Joseph Chastain
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 30, Problem 49P
(a)
To determine
An expression for the critical density of the universe in the number of H atoms per cubic meter assuming that the whole universe is only hydrogen.
(b)
To determine
The average number of atoms in a room of dimension
(c)
To determine
Compare the number of atoms calculated in section (b) with the practical number of atoms generally found in a room.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The geometry of spacetime in the Universe on large scales is determined by the mean energy density of the matter in the Universe, ρ. The critical density of the Universe is denoted by ρ0 and can be used to define the parameter Ω0 = ρ/ρ0. Describe the geometry of space when: (i) Ω0 < 1; (ii) Ω0 = 1; (iii) Ω0 > 1. Explain how measurements of the angular sizes of the hot- and cold-spots in the CMB projected on the sky can inform us about the geometry of spacetime in our Universe. What do measurements of these angular sizes by the WMAP and PLANCK satellites tell us about the value of Ω0?
Scientists are conducting an experiment to determine if their hypothesis that a certain constant in the universe is 1.65. the uncertainties in the experiment result in a relative uncertainty of no more than 2%. After several experimental trials, the scientists obtained an average value of 1.7 for the constant. What can be said about the scientists hypothesis? Hint calculate the percent error and compare it to the relative uncertainty.
Suppose you are designing a proton decay experiment and you can detect 50 percent of the proton decays in a tank of water. (a) How many kilograms of water would you need to see one decay per month, assuming a lifetime of 1031 y ?
(b) How many cubic meters of water is this?
(c) If the actual lifetime is 1033 y , how long would you have to wait on an average to see a single proton decay?
Chapter 30 Solutions
College Physics (10th Edition)
Ch. 30 - Prob. 1CQCh. 30 - Prob. 2CQCh. 30 - True or false? During one half-life, the mass of a...Ch. 30 - Changing the temperature of atoms affects their...Ch. 30 - Prob. 5CQCh. 30 - Prob. 6CQCh. 30 - Prob. 7CQCh. 30 - Prob. 8CQCh. 30 - Prob. 9CQCh. 30 - Prob. 10CQ
Ch. 30 - Prob. 11CQCh. 30 - Prob. 12CQCh. 30 - Prob. 3MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 4MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 5MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 6MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 7MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 8MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 9MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 10MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 11MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 12MCPCh. 30 - Prob. 1PCh. 30 - Prob. 2PCh. 30 - Prob. 3PCh. 30 - Prob. 4PCh. 30 - Prob. 5PCh. 30 - Prob. 6PCh. 30 - Prob. 7PCh. 30 - Prob. 8PCh. 30 - Prob. 9PCh. 30 - Prob. 10PCh. 30 - Prob. 11PCh. 30 - Prob. 12PCh. 30 - Prob. 13PCh. 30 - Prob. 14PCh. 30 - Calcium-47 is a emitter with a half-life of 4.5...Ch. 30 - Prob. 16PCh. 30 - Prob. 17PCh. 30 - Prob. 18PCh. 30 - Prob. 19PCh. 30 - Prob. 20PCh. 30 - Prob. 21PCh. 30 - Prob. 22PCh. 30 - Prob. 23PCh. 30 - Prob. 24PCh. 30 - Prob. 25PCh. 30 - Prob. 26PCh. 30 - Prob. 27PCh. 30 - Prob. 28PCh. 30 - Prob. 29PCh. 30 - Prob. 30PCh. 30 - Prob. 31PCh. 30 - Prob. 32PCh. 30 - Prob. 33PCh. 30 - Prob. 34PCh. 30 - Prob. 35PCh. 30 - Prob. 36PCh. 30 - Prob. 37PCh. 30 - Prob. 38PCh. 30 - Prob. 39PCh. 30 - Prob. 40PCh. 30 - Prob. 41PCh. 30 - Prob. 42PCh. 30 - Prob. 43PCh. 30 - Prob. 44PCh. 30 - Prob. 45PCh. 30 - Prob. 46PCh. 30 - Prob. 47PCh. 30 - Prob. 48PCh. 30 - Prob. 49PCh. 30 - The results of activity measurements on a...Ch. 30 - Prob. 51GPCh. 30 - Prob. 52GPCh. 30 - Prob. 53GPCh. 30 - Prob. 54GPCh. 30 - Prob. 55GPCh. 30 - Prob. 56GPCh. 30 - Prob. 57GPCh. 30 - Prob. 58GPCh. 30 - Prob. 59GPCh. 30 - The atomic mass of 2056Co is 55.934939 u, and the...Ch. 30 - Prob. 61GPCh. 30 - Prob. 62GPCh. 30 - Prob. 63GPCh. 30 - Prob. 64PPCh. 30 - Prob. 65PPCh. 30 - Prob. 66PPCh. 30 - Prob. 67PPCh. 30 - Prob. 68PPCh. 30 - Prob. 69PPCh. 30 - Prob. 70PPCh. 30 - Prob. 71PP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The photons that make up the cosmic microwave background were emitted about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Today, 13.8billion years after the Big Bang, the wavelengths of these photons have been stretched by a factor of about 1100 since they were emitted because lengths in the expanding universe have increased by that same factor of about 1100. Consider a cubical region of empty space in today’s universe 1.00 m on a side, with a volume of 1.00 m3. What was the length s0 of each side and the volume V0 of this same cubical region 380,000 years after the Big Bang? s0 = ? m V0 = ? m^3 Today the average density of ordinary matter in the universe is about 2.4×10−27 kg/m3. What was the average density ?(rho)0 of ordinary matter at the time that the photons in the cosmic microwave background radiation were emitted? (rho)0 = ? kg/m^3arrow_forwardAstronomers believe that the universe is expanding and that stellar objects are moving away from us at a radial velocity V proportional to the distance D from Earth to the object. (a) Write V as a function of D using H as the constant of proportionality. V = (b) The equation in part (a) was first discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1929 and is known as Hubble's law. The constant of proportionality H is known as Hubble's constant. The currently accepted value of Hubble's constant is 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec. (One megaparsec is about 3.086 x 1019 kilometers.) With these units for H, the distance D is measured in megaparsecs, and the velocity V is measured in kilometers per second. The galaxy G2237 + 305 is about 122.7 megaparsecs from Earth. How fast is G2237 + 305 receding from Earth? km/sec (c) One important feature of Hubble's constant is that scientists use it to estimate the age of the universe. The approximate relation is 1012 where y is time in years. Hubble's constant is…arrow_forwardThe photons that make up the cosmic microwave background were emitted about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Today, 13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, the wavelengths of these photons have been stretched by a factor of about 1100 since they were emitted because lengths in the expanding universe have increased by that same factor of about 1100. Consider a cubical region of empty space in today's universe 1.00 m on a side, with a volume of 1.00 m³. What was the length so of each side and the volume V of this same cubical region 380,000 years after the Big Bang? So = Vo = Enter numeric value Today the average density of ordinary matter in the universe is about 2.4 × 10-27 kg/m³. What was the average density po of ordinary matter at the time that the photons in the cosmic microwave background radiation were emitted? Po = m m³ kg/m³arrow_forward
- Find the number of electrons, and of each species of quark, in 6.9 L of water. (Consider only ordinary water molecules, which are composed of 2 atoms of 1 1 H and an atom of 16 8 O, with molecular mass of 18.0 g/mol.) electron up quarks down quarksarrow_forwardThe explosive energy of a ton of TNT is 4.184*109 Joules, according to Google. A megaton of TNT is a million times that. According to Wikipedia, the Tsar Bomba (Links to an external site.) was the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever exploded, at 50 megatons of TNT. (For comparison, the explosive energy of WWII nuclear bombs was about 20 kilotons.) Suppose one kg of antimatter came into contact with matter. How would the explosive energy compare with the explosive energy of the Tsar Bomba? (c = 3 * 108 m/s) Group of answer choices 1.There is no way to compare the two. 2.The kg of antimatter would produce at least a hundred times more energy. 3.The Tsar Bomba produced at least a hundred times more energy than the kg of antimatter. 4. They would be approximately the same.arrow_forwardThe time before which we don’t know what happened in the universe (10-43 s) is called the Planck time. The theory needed is a quantum theory of gravity and concerns the three fundamental constants h, G, and c. (a) Use dimensional analysis to determine the exponents m, n, l if the Planck time tP = hmGncl . (b) Calculate the Planck time using the expression you found in (a).arrow_forward
- The Friedmann equation in a matter-dominated universe with curvature is given by 87G -pR² – k , 3 where R is the scale factor, p is the matter densi, and k is a positive constant. Demonstrate that the parametric solution 4G po 4тG Po R(0) (1 – cos 0) 3 k and t( (e – sin 0) 3 k3/2 solves this equation, where 0 is a variable that runs from 0 to 27 and the present-day scale factor is set to Ro = 1. %3Darrow_forwardSuppose you are designing a proton decay experiment and you can detect 50 percent of the proton decays in a tank of water. (a) How many kilograms of water would you need to see one decay per month, assuming a lifetime of 1031 y ?(b) How many cubic meters of water is this? (c) If the actual lifetime is 1033 y , how long would you have to wait on anaverage to see a single proton decay?arrow_forwardAssume the average density of the Universe is equal to the critical density. (a) Prove that the age of the Universe is given by 2/(3H). (b) Calculate 2/(3H) and express it in years.arrow_forward
- Edwin Hubble observed that the light from very distant galaxies was redshifted and that the farther away a galaxy was, the greater its redshift. What does this say about very distant galaxies? When Hubble first estimated the Hubble constant, galaxy distances were still very uncertain, and he got a value for H of about 600 km/s per Mpc. What would this have implied about the age of the universe? What problems would this have presented for cosmologists?arrow_forwardSuppose a star 1000 times brighter than our Sun (that is, emitting 1000 times the power) suddenly goes supernova. Using data from Table: (a) By what factor does its power output increase? (b) How many times brighter than our entire Milky Way galaxy is the supernova? (c) Based on your answers, discuss whether it should be possible to observe supernovas in distant galaxies. Note that there are on the order of 1011 observable galaxies, the average brightness of which is somewhat less than our own galaxy.arrow_forwardten thousand: 10 ✕ 103 = 104 one hundred thousand: 100 ✕ 103 = 102 ✕ 103 = 105 How do we write ten million? 10 ✕ 106 = 10 How do we write one hundred billion? 10arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningLecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-WesleyCollege Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)
Physics
ISBN:9780133969290
Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
Physics
ISBN:9781107189638
Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9780321820464
Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...
Physics
ISBN:9780134609034
Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher:PEARSON