CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 30, Problem 16TYK
Drugs are often used to relax muscles during surgery. Which of the following chemicals do you think would make a better muscle relaxant, and why? Chemical A: Blocks acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells. Chemical B: Floods the cytoplasm of muscle cells with calcium ions.
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Drugs are used to relax muscles during surgery. Which of the two chemicals described next would make the best muscle relaxant and why? Chemical A binds with and blocks acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells. Chemical B floods the sarcoplasm of muscle cells with calcium ions.
How would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect calcium levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of a skeletal muscle?
Group of answer choices
An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR
A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR
An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR
A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR
pick one answer
Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect?
1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors
2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules
3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging
5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomere
Chapter 30 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 30 - Complete this concept map on animal movement.Ch. 30 - A humans internal organs are protected mainly by...Ch. 30 - Arm muscles and leg muscles are arranged in...Ch. 30 - Gravity would have the least effect on the...Ch. 30 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 30 - When a dog is running fast, its body position is...Ch. 30 - What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?...Ch. 30 - Muscle A and muscle B have the same number of...Ch. 30 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 30 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 30 - Describe how you bend your arm, starting with...Ch. 30 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 30 - Drugs are often used to relax muscles during...Ch. 30 - An earthworms body consists of a number of...Ch. 30 - When a person dies, muscles become rigid and fixed...Ch. 30 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Imagine you have a friend who...
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- The following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads bind to actin. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron. Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin. Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.arrow_forwardFrom the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction (in other words, which three descriptive changes below would result in flaccid paralysis of a muscle). exocytosis of acetylcholine is constant, even without action potential injection of botulinum toxin calcium cannot be pumped back into the terminal cisternae acetylcholine receptor remains open to sodium active sites on actin a permanently exposed dramatically increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase calcium cannot bind troponinarrow_forwardPlace the steps leading to muscle contraction in the correct order. Calcium allows myosin to bind to the actin. A message travels down the axon of a nerve. Myosin pulls on the actin causing the muscle to shorten. An electrical wave of the action potential travels across the muscle cell and deep into the interior of the cell. The end of the axon of the nerve releases the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. The electrical charge causes calcium to be released into the cytoplasm of the muscle. The neurotransmitter, acetylcholine travels across the space between the axon ending and the muscle. The neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, binds to receptors on the muscle.arrow_forward
- Curare blocks acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate. What would be the effect of this drug on muscle contraction? increased stimulation of the muscle. more acetylcholinesterase production. lack of Ca2+ uptake by the muscle fiber. inability of the muscle fiber to respond to nervous stimulation. sustained contraction of the muscle.arrow_forwardIn order to study and understand muscle diseases, one needs to have a good understanding of normal muscle function. Briefly outline the process of cross-bridge cycling in muscle contraction. Be sure to highlight the role of Ca2+ and ATP/ADP in the process.arrow_forwardA) Assuming that each individual muscle fiber generates the same amount of tension, which of the following skeletal muscles will produce the greatest amount of overall tension when fully stimulated? Muscle Total Number of Muscle Fibers in Muscle A 150 B 1000 C 600 Group of answer choices Muscle A Muscle B Muscle C B)The following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads bind to actin. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron. Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin. Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.arrow_forward
- With muscular dystrophy, the membrane of muscle cells is destroyed. Given how muscle cells contract, which of the following would fail to happen? Reuptake of acetylcholine by the muscle cells ) Reuptake of acetylcholine by lower motor neurons ) Action potential conduction on muscle cells Action potential conduction on the lower motor neuronsarrow_forwardAn increase in the cross sectional area of muscle is known as hypertrophy. Hypertrophy allows muscle to produce more force due primarily to: a.) Increased number of potential cross bridges that can be formed (i.e., actin-myosin interactions) b.) Increased number of T-Tubules c.) Increased ability to activate the muscle d.) Increased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulumarrow_forwardAn ion that is essential for muscle contraction is Ca2+. Which of the following statements about the calcium ion and muscle contractions is TRUE? Select one: a. Muscle contractions can occur whether Ca2+ concentrations are high or low. b. Ca2+ binds to the tropin-tropomyosin protein complex shifting it out of the way and allows the myosin to bind to the actin so contraction can occur. c. When Ca2+ concentrations are high, tropomyosin inhibits myosin binding and the muscle is relaxed. d. Ca2+ ions are stored in the sacroplasmic reticulum during the muscle contractions. i do not knwo which one is the answerarrow_forward
- You are at the gym and doing strength training. You feel in good shape and should try to break personal records in squats. You place the bar on your back and begin to take in, that is, your motor neurons begin to send action potentials through all your motor units to the thigh muscles. What is the contraction called when you a) bend down and b) are in good shape and can generate more force than the bar weighs c) stay standing in one and the same position without being able to push yourself up in a standing position?arrow_forwardAn ion that is essential for muscle contraction is Ca2+. Which of the following statements about the calcium ion and muscle contractions is TRUE? Select one: a. Muscle contractions can occur whether Ca2+ concentrations are high or low. b. Ca2+ binds to the tropin-tropomyosin protein complex shifting it out of the way and allows the myosin to bind to the actin so contraction can occur. c. When Ca2+ concentrations are high, tropomyosin inhibits myosin binding and the muscle is relaxed. d. Ca2+ ions are stored in the sacroplasmic reticulum during the muscle contractions. I do not know which one isarrow_forwardOne of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above. Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle contracts vs. relaxes. What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation? Region / Structure A-Band H-Band I-Band M-Line Z-Line Zone of Overlap Sarcomere No change Shortens Lengthens Muscle Contraction Muscle Relaxationarrow_forward
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