CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 30, Problem 14TYK
Describe how you bend your arm, starting with action potentials and ending with the contraction of a muscle. How does a strong contraction differ from a weak one?
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Describe how you bend your arm, starting with action potentials and ending with the contraction of a muscle. How does a strong contraction differ from a weak one?
Which of the following statements are true?
Multiple Choice
Muscles work in antagonistic pairs because if one muscle shortens during contraction, the opposing muscle across
the joint must relax.
Muscles work in antagonistic pairs because tendons lengthen during contraction.
Muscles work in antagonistic pairs because muscles lengthen during contraction.
Muscles work in antagonistic pairs because if one muscle pushes during contraction, the opposing muscle across
the joint must pull.
A) Assuming that each individual muscle fiber generates the same amount of tension, which of the following skeletal muscles will produce the greatest amount of overall tension when fully stimulated?
Muscle
Total Number of Muscle Fibers in Muscle
A
150
B
1000
C
600
Group of answer choices
Muscle A
Muscle B
Muscle C
B)The following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction.
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Myosin heads bind to actin.
An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron.
Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin.
Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere.
Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.
Chapter 30 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 30 - Complete this concept map on animal movement.Ch. 30 - A humans internal organs are protected mainly by...Ch. 30 - Arm muscles and leg muscles are arranged in...Ch. 30 - Gravity would have the least effect on the...Ch. 30 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 30 - When a dog is running fast, its body position is...Ch. 30 - What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?...Ch. 30 - Muscle A and muscle B have the same number of...Ch. 30 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 30 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 30 - Describe how you bend your arm, starting with...Ch. 30 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 30 - Drugs are often used to relax muscles during...Ch. 30 - An earthworms body consists of a number of...Ch. 30 - When a person dies, muscles become rigid and fixed...Ch. 30 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Imagine you have a friend who...
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- In an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.arrow_forwardExplain the following two statements: Muscles can only actively contract; muscle fibers lengthen passively.arrow_forwardThe following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads bind to actin. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron. Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin. Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.arrow_forward
- We control muscle force using motor unit recruitment. When we recruit more motor units, what is happening at the organ/cell/molecular level? more myofibrils within a muscle cell are activated more muscle cells are excited the rate of crossbridge cycling is increased the number of myosin heads bound to actin within a muscle cell is increased more Ca++ is released into the cyoplasm of the muscle cellarrow_forwardPick the right order for muscle contraction a) ATP attaches to myosin, muscle cell uses calcium, action potential spreads b) Calcium release, binding sites on actin are exposedmyosin binds to actin c) Myosin binds to actin, myosin uses calcium, cell gets shorter d) Action potential is received , cell gets shorter, myosin grabs actinarrow_forwardYou are at the gym and doing strength training. You feel in good shape and should try to break personal records in squats. You place the bar on your back and begin to take in, that is, your motor neurons begin to send action potentials through all your motor units to the thigh muscles. What is the contraction called when you a) bend down and b) are in good shape and can generate more force than the bar weighs c) stay standing in one and the same position without being able to push yourself up in a standing position?arrow_forward
- Two skeletal muscles A and B contain 1000 and 200 individual muscle fibers respectively. Muscle A has 10 motor units each consisting of one motor neuron and 100 muscle fibers. Muscle B has 20 motor units and each consisting of 10 muscle fibers and one motor neuron. Which muscle can produce a wider range of forces?arrow_forwardHow would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect calcium levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of a skeletal muscle? Group of answer choices An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR pick one answerarrow_forwardWhich of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomerearrow_forward
- In the process of muscle contraction, which of the following steps requires hydrolysis of ATP to complete? movement of myosin head, pulling the thin filament binding of myosin head to active site on actin resetting of the myosin head back to its ready position letting go of myosin head from the active site on actin sliding of tropomyosin causing exposure of actinarrow_forwardThe following are the basic steps of a muscle contraction: I. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors II. Myosin pulls on actin III. Ca2+ binds to troponin IV. Myosin binds to actin V. Myosin releases actin VI. Ca2+ is released/unbound Which of the following puts the steps above in the correct order?arrow_forwardDistinguish between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in terms of location and whether they have sarcomeres. Use the sliding filament model to draw how thin filaments, thick filaments, and Z lines move during muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of acetylcholine release, reception, or breakdown will influence muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, or calcium would influence muscle contraction. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Predict how changes in stress levels or situations would affect activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and blood pressure.arrow_forward
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