Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 3, Problem 8RQ
Where in nature do we find cellulose? Where do we find chitin? In what way(s) are these two
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How is chitin different from cellulose and amylopectin? Compare how these three oligopeptides are similar and different in terms of composition, bonds, structure and cellular roles.
In principle, there are many different, chemically diverse ways in which small molecules can be linked to form polymers. For example, the small molecule ethene (CH2=CH2) is used commercially to make the plastic polyethylene (...–CH2–CH2– CH2–CH2–CH2–...). The individual subunits of the three major classes of biological macromolecules, however, are all linked by similar reaction mechanisms, i.e., by condensation reactions that eliminate water. Can you think of any benefits that this chemistry offers and why it might have been selected in evolution?
What structure(s) contain(s) ribose?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank In organic molecules made of...Ch. 3 - 5. Fill in the following with the appropriate type...Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank Proteins are synthesized by a...Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank Till in the following with the...Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank A nucleotide consists of three...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - List the four principal classes of biological...Ch. 3 - What roles do nucleotides play in living...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - Prob. 5RQ
Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - Describe the synthesis of a protein from amino...Ch. 3 - Where in nature do we find cellulose? Where do we...Ch. 3 - Which kinds of bonds between keratin molecules are...Ch. 3 - In this chapter, you read that a phospholipid has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2ACCh. 3 - Some people think that consuming fat and sugar...Ch. 3 - Saliva from infected deer can transmit chronic...Ch. 3 - In an alternate universe where people could digest...
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- Please discuss any two of the structures and functions of these 4 molecules. What do they have in common? How are they different? 1) Cellulose 2) Starch 3) Glycogen 4) Chitinarrow_forwardDo you think that glycerol can be found in all fats? Why? What are Sphingolipids? What is the nature of the emulsion? How does it differ from those of a mixture of coconut oil and water and coconut oil and egg white? Is energy always associated with biochemical processes? How?arrow_forwardGlycerolphospholipid head groups include coline, ethanolamine, glycerol and serine. Which of these groups can use hydrogen bonding or rather participate in in. And why?arrow_forward
- Identify the following features of this phospholipid, which is needed for the brain and nerve tissues: Is the phospholipid formed from glycerol or sphingosine? What is the fatty acid? What type of bond connects the fatty acid? What is the amino alcohol?arrow_forwardFructose, a component of sucrose, and ribose, a component of nucleic acid, have very similar structures. How do they differ?arrow_forwardHair is made of protein. The protein is a structural protein called α-keratin, which contains many disulfide (S-S) bridges formed from sulfhydryl functional groups found amongst amino acids radical groups. Based on how the protein folds, the radical groups have opportunities to generate multiple disulfide bridges. The greater the number of disulfide bridges, the more tightly the hair is coiled. Using your knowledge of proteins, write a brief paragraph theocratizing how sodium hydroxide is used in hair products to straighten hairarrow_forward
- Which of the following are a pair of structural isomers? Glucose and Mannose Galactose and Fructose Ribulose and Xylulose ribose and glucose The correct answer is Galactose and Fructose. Please explain why and discuss how to identify structural isomers.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a sphingolipid and a glycosphingolipid? Chemically and functionally?arrow_forwardConsider the structure of the tripeptide (in its fully protonated form) below. H H H + I || H₂N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-OH 1 I | H CH₂ H CH₂ CH₂ T C=O OH AA1 0=0 || HC-CH3 CH3 AA2 AA3 0=C 1. Give the sequence of the tripeptide using the ONE-LETTER DESIGNATION (UPPERCASE LETTER) with NO spaces and symbols between each letter. 2. How many ionizable groups are there in the tripeptide? Give the numerical value (e.g., 10 not ten). • pH 10: {Choices: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2} 3. Which amino acid residue has one ionizable group left upon forming the tripeptide? {Choices: AA1, AA2, AA3, none, all} 4. Give the net charge of the dominant structure of the tripeptide at the given pH values. The pK, values of the amino acids are given in Table 1. • pH 4: {Choices: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2}arrow_forward
- The three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide resulting due to bonds between the R groups of side chains is called??arrow_forwardOne or more of the compounds shown below will satisfy each of the following statements. Not all compounds may be used; some may be used twice. Put the number(s) in the blank. (1) Found in chitin. (2) An L-saccharide. (3) The first residue attached to asparagine in N-linked glycans. (4) A uronic acid. (5) A ketose. CH,OH CoO COO OH H H H H ОН Н но OH OH H OH H HO OH H NHC- CH, Oso, OH (a) (b) (c) CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH C=0 CHOH C=0 H-C- OH CH,OH но -с-н ČH,OH CH,OH (d) (e)arrow_forwardThe molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What wouldbe the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking tenglucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?(A) C60H120O60(B) C60H102O51(C) C60H100O50(D) C60H111O51arrow_forward
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