Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 75E

Calculate the percent composition by mass of the following compounds that are important starting materials for synthetic polymers:

a. C3H4O2 (acrylic acid, from which acrylic plastics are made)

b. C4H6O2 (methyl acrylate, from which Plexiglas is made)

c. C3H3N (acrylonitrile, from which Orion is made)

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The percentage composition (by mass) of each element in C3H4O2,C4H6O2 and C3H3N compound is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The atomic mass is defined as the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons.

Molar mass of a substance is defined as the mass of the substance in gram of one mole of that compound.

The molar mass of any compound can be calculated by adding of atomic weight of individual atoms present in it.

To determine: The percentage composition (by mass) of each element in C3H4O2 compound.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic weight of carbon (C) is 12.01g/mol . In the compound C3H4O2 , three carbon atoms are present. Hence, mass of carbon in C3H4O2 is,

3×12.01g/mol=36.03g/mol

The atomic weight of oxygen (O) is 16.00g/mol . In the compound C3H4O2 , two oxygen atoms are present. Hence, mass of oxygen in C3H4O2 is,

2×16.00g/mol=32g/mol

The atomic weight of hydrogen (H) is 1.008g/mol . In the compound C3H4O2 , four hydrogen atoms are present. Hence, mass of hydrogen in C3H4O2 is,

4×1.008g/mol=4.032g/mol

The molar mass is the sum of mass of individual atoms present in it. Hence, molar mass of C3H4O2 is calculated as,

36.03g/mol+4.032g/mol+32g/mol=72.053g/mol

Formula

The mass percent of element is calculated as,

Mass%ofelement=MassofelementMolarmassofcompound (1)

Substitute the values of mass of carbon and molar mass of C3H4O2 in the above equation.

Mass%ofCatom=MassofCatomMolarmassofC3H4O2=(36.03g/mol72.053g/mol)×100=50.00%_

Substitute the values of mass of hydrogen and molar mass of C3H4O2 in equation (1).

Mass%ofHatom=MassofHatomMolarmassofC3H4O2=(4.032g/mol72.053g/mol)×100=5.59%_

Substitute the values of mass of oxygen and molar mass of C3H4O2 in equation (1).

Mass%ofOatom=MassofOatomMolarmassofC3H4O2=(32g/mol72.053g/mol)×100=44.41%_

The percentage composition (by mass) of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is 50.00%_ , 5.59%_ and 44.40%_ respectively

Conclusion

The percentage composition of any element is calculated by dividing the total mass of that element with molar mass of compound.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The percentage composition (by mass) of each element in C3H4O2,C4H6O2 and C3H3N compound is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The atomic mass is defined as the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons.

Molar mass of a substance is defined as the mass of the substance in gram of one mole of that compound.

The molar mass of any compound can be calculated by adding of atomic weight of individual atoms present in it.

To determine: The percentage composition (by mass) of each element in C4H6O2 compound.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic weight of carbon (C) is 12.01g/mol . In a compound C4H6O2 , four carbon atoms are present. Hence, mass of carbon in C4H6O2 is,

4×12.01g/mol=48.04g/mol

The atomic weight of oxygen (O) is 16.00g/mol . In a compound C4H6O2 , two oxygen atoms are present. Hence, mass of oxygen in C4H6O2 is,

2×16.00g/mol=32g/mol

The atomic weight of hydrogen (H) is 1.008g/mol . In a compound C4H6O2 , six hydrogen atoms are present. Hence, mass of hydrogen in C4H6O2 is,

6×1.008g/mol=6.048g/mol

The molar mass is the sum of mass of individual atoms present in it. Hence, molar mass of C4H6O2 is calculated as,

48.04g/mol+6.048g/mol+32g/mol=86.088g/mol

Formula

The mass percent of element is calculated as,

Mass%ofelement=MassofelementMolarmassofcompound (1)

Substitute the values of mass of carbon and molar mass of C4H6O2 in the above equation.

Mass%ofCatom=MassofCatomMolarmassofC4H6O2=(48.04g/mol86.088g/mol)×100=55.80%_

Substitute the values of mass of hydrogen and molar mass of C4H6O2 in equation (1).

Mass%ofHatom=MassofHatomMolarmassofC4H6O2=(6.048g/mol86.088g/mol)×100=7.02%_

Substitute the values of mass of oxygen and molar mass of C4H6O2 in equation (1).

Mass%ofOatom=MassofOatomMolarmassofC4H6O2=(32g/mol86.088g/mol)×100=37.17%_

The percentage composition (by mass) of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is 55.80%_ , 7.02%_ and 37.17%_ respectively.

Conclusion

The percentage composition of any element is calculated by dividing the total mass of that element with molar mass of compound.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The percentage composition (by mass) of each element in C3H4O2,C4H6O2 and C3H3N compound is to be calculated.

Concept introduction: The atomic mass is defined as the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons.

Molar mass of a substance is defined as the mass of the substance in gram of one mole of that compound.

The molar mass of any compound can be calculated by adding of atomic weight of individual atoms present in it.

To determine: The percentage composition (by mass) of each element in C3H3N compound.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic weight of carbon (C) is 12.01g/mol . In a compound C3H3N , three carbon atoms are present. Hence, mass of carbon in C3H3N is,

3×12.01g/mol=36.03g/mol

The atomic weight of nitrogen (N) is 14.006g/mol . In a compound C3H3N , only one nitrogen atom is present. Hence, mass of nitrogen in C3H3N is 14.006g/mol

The atomic weight of hydrogen (H) is 1.008g/mol . In a compound C3H3N , three hydrogen atoms are present. Hence, mass of hydrogen in C3H3N is,

3×1.008g/mol=3.024g/mol

The molar mass is the sum of mass of individual atoms present in it. Hence, molar mass of C3H3N is calculated as,

36.03g/mol+3.024g/mol+14.006g/mol=53.06g/mol

Formula

The mass percent of element is calculated as,

Mass%ofelement=MassofelementMolarmassofcompound (1)

Substitute the values of mass of carbon and molar mass of C3H3N in the above equation.

Mass%ofCatom=MassofCatomMolarmassofC3H3N=(36.03g/mol53.06g/mol)×100=67.90%_

Substitute the values of mass of hydrogen and molar mass of C3H3N in equation (1).

Mass%ofHatom=MassofHatomMolarmassofC3H3N=(3.024g/mol53.06g/mol)×100=5.69%_

Substitute the values of mass of nitrogen and molar mass of C3H3N in equation (1).

Mass%ofNatom=MassofNatomMolarmassofC3H3N=(14.006g/mol53.06g/mol)×100=26.39%_

The percentage composition (by mass) of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen is 67.90%_ , 5.69%_ and 26.39%_ respectively.

Conclusion

The percentage composition of any element is calculated by dividing the total mass of that element with molar mass of compound.

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