Chapter 3, Problem 49QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given $\text{HCl}$ atom has to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number:

The oxidation number of an element is zero. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals its charge.

The oxidation number is zero for the summation of the oxidation numbers complete atoms in a complete formula.

The charge on the ion is equal to the summation of the oxidation numbers of complete atoms in poly atomic ion.

The oxidation state of alkali metal $(\text{Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs})$ is $+1$, and alkaline earth metal is $\text{(Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)}$ is $+2$.

The oxidation state of hydrogen is $+1$ (without bonding with metals), the oxidation state of oxygen is $-2$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given $\text{HClO}$ atom has to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

Balancing reaction:

Refer to part (a)

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{2}}$ atom has to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

Balancing reaction:

Refer to part (a)

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given ${\text{HClO}}_3$ atom has to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

Balancing reaction:

Refer to part (a)

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given ${\text{HClO}}_4$ atom has to be assigned.

Concept introduction:

Balancing reaction:

Refer to part (a)