The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 41EAP
Copernican Players. Using a bulleted-list format, make a one-page “executive summary” of the major roles that Copernicus, Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo played in overturning the ancient belief in an Earth-centered universe.
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1. Why were the main reasons why the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe lasted so long?
2. Discuss in 2 paragraphs the observations made by Galileo that disproved Geocentrism. Which one do you think was the most important?
3. Write down a hypothesis and observational experiment to test one of Newton’s laws of motion. EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!
4. One of the first exoplanets discovered orbits the star 51 Pegasi with a period of just 4.2 days. 51 Pegasi is very similar to the Sun. Use Kepler’s laws to find the distance (in astronomical units) between the planet (unofficially named Bellerophon) and its star. SHOW YOUR WORK!
5. How does halving the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them?
6. Suppose the Sun were somehow replaced by a star with five times as much mass. What would happen to the gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun?
7. How long would the Earth year last in this last case? (hint: Newton’s version of Kepler’s 3rd…
Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion.
Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU.
Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.
Orbital radius of the earth r = 1.5 × 1011 m. Given mass of the sun M =1.9 × 1030 kg. Using Kepler's third law to calculate the time-period T of earth's rotation in year.
Universal constant of gravity G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm²/kg2.
Chapter 3 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6VSCCh. 3 - Prob. 7VSCCh. 3 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 3 - Why did ancient peoples study astronomy? Describe...Ch. 3 - Describe the astronomical origins of our day,...
Ch. 3 - What is a lunar calendar? How can it be kept...Ch. 3 - What do we mean by a model in science?Ch. 3 - Summarize the development of the Greek geocentric...Ch. 3 - What was the Copernican revolution, and how did it...Ch. 3 - 8. What is an ellipse? Define its foci, semimajor...Ch. 3 - 9. State and explain the meaning of each of...Ch. 3 - Describe the three hallmarks of science and how we...Ch. 3 - 11. What is the difference between a hypothesis...Ch. 3 - What is the basic idea behind astrology? Explain...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - In the Greek geocentric model, the retrograde...Ch. 3 - Which of the following was not a major advantage...Ch. 3 - When we say that a planet has a highly eccentric...Ch. 3 - Earth is closer to the Sun in January than in...Ch. 3 - According to Kepler’s third law, (a) Mercury...Ch. 3 - Tycho Brahe’s contribution to astronomy included...Ch. 3 - Galileo’s contribution to astronomy included (a)...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not true about...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not true about a...Ch. 3 - When Einstein’s theory of gravity (general...Ch. 3 - What Makes It Science? Choose a single idea in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 36EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 3 - Earth’s Shape. It took thousands of years for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 3 - Copernican Players. Using a bulleted-list format,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 3 - The Metonic Cycle. The length of our calendar year...Ch. 3 - Chinese Calendar. The traditional Chinese lunar...Ch. 3 - Method of Eratosthenes I. You are an astronomer on...Ch. 3 - Method of Eratosthenes II. You are an astronomer...Ch. 3 - Mars Orbit. Find the perihelion and aphelion...Ch. 3 - Eris Orbit. The dwarf planet Eris orbits the Sun...Ch. 3 - New Planet Orbit. A newly discovered planet orbits...Ch. 3 - Halley Orbit. Halley’s Comet orbits the Sun every...
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- In your own words, describe the meaning of Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion. Do not use any equations, do not describe the equations in words, just tell me the conceptual meaning.arrow_forwardA newly discovered planet orbits a distant star with the same mass as the Sun at an average distance of 122 million kilometers. Its orbital eccentricity is 0.5. 1. Find the planet's orbital period. Express your answer in years to three significant figures. 2. Find the planet's nearest and farthest orbital distances from its star. Express your answers in millions of kilometers to three significant figures separated by a comma.arrow_forwardWrite down Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion. Why was it important realize that planets farther away from the sun travel slower through space than planets closer to the sun?arrow_forward
- Describe Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion.arrow_forward1. If people on Earth were viewing a total lunar eclipse, what would you see from your home on the Moon? Draw a diagram. 2. Why were the main reasons why the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe lasted so long? 3. Discuss in 2 paragraphs the observations made by Galileo that disproved Geocentrism. Which one do you think was the most important? 4. Write down a hypothesis and observational experiment to test one of Newton’s laws of motion. EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING! 5. One of the first exoplanets discovered orbits the star 51 Pegasi with a period of just 4.2 days. 51 Pegasi is very similar to the Sun. Use Kepler’s laws to find the distance (in astronomical units) between the planet (unofficially named Bellerophon) and its star. SHOW YOUR WORK! 6. How does halving the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them? 7. Suppose the Sun were somehow replaced by a star with five times as much mass. What would happen to the gravitational force between…arrow_forwardDescribing the ancient idea about the position of the earth relative to the other heavenly bodies. Explain why it was reasonable for them to believe that the earth was the center of the universe.arrow_forward
- Match each discovery, model, or Law with the person we credit with discovering them (Select T-Tycho Brahe, K-Kepler, G-Galileo, A-Aristotle, P-Ptolemy, N-Newton If the first is T and the rest K, enter TKKKKK) A) Devised the earliest geocentric solar system models B) The orbits of planets are C) Made careful measurements of the location of the planets good to 1 arcmin. D) Described the meaning of force by three laws. E) Devised the best Earth-centered (geocentric) model of the solar system using epicycles F) Found the Sun had flaws (sun spots) and that the Sun rotates. elipsesarrow_forwardDefine the kepler's laws of planetary motion in short?arrow_forwardExplain the Kepler’s Law of Planetary (or Satellite) Motion?arrow_forward
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