(a)
Interpretation:
The group number of the given electron-dot symbol should be stated.
Concept Introduction:
In an electron-dot symbol, dots are used to represent valence electrons around the elemental symbol.
When drawing or understanding an electron-dot symbol of an element, one should consider below facts;
- Each dot represents 1 electron.
- The dots are placed on the four sides of the elemental symbol.
- For 1 to 4 valence electrons, single dots are used.
- For more than 4 electrons, the dots are paired.
Valence electrons are the most loosely bound electrons of an element. They are in the outermost shell, which is also called "valence shell". Chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table depend on the number of valence electrons of that element.
For main group elements, the group number is also the number of valence electrons of the element.
(b)
Interpretation:
The charge of the ion formed by the given element should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
An atom of a main group element loses or gains electrons to obtain the electronic configuration of the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table to form ions.
Cations are formed by losing electrons, thus they have fewer electrons than protons and are positively charged.
Anions are formed by gaining electrons, thus they have more electrons than protons and are negatively charged.
For example, Sodium (Na) atom has 11 electrons (
(c)
Interpretation:
The formula of an ionic compound formed from Q and fluorine should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions, which are tightly attracted to each other.
The sum of the charges in an ionic compound must always be zero.
The formula for an ionic compound shows the ratio of ions that combine to give zero charge.
When cations and anions have different charges, the number of cations and anions differ so that the overall charge of the ionic compound be zero.
As an example, see the formulae of NaCl and MgCl2.
(d)
Interpretation:
The formula of an ionic compound formed from Q and oxygen should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions, which are tightly attracted to each other.
The sum of the charges in an ionic compound must always be zero.
The formula for an ionic compound shows the ratio of ions that combine to give zero charge.
When cations and anions have different charges, the number of cations and anions differ so that the overall charge of the ionic compound be zero.
As an example, see the formulae of NaCl and MgCl2.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
- Classify each compound as ionic or molecular: a.COb.ZnBr2c.CH4d.NaFarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are always true? Never true? Usually true? (a) Compounds containing chlorine can be either molecular or ionic. (b) An ionic compound always has at least one metal. (c) When an element in a molecule has a di prefix, it means that the element has a +2 charge.arrow_forwardThe following ionic compounds are found in common household products. Name each of the compounds: Ca(H2 PO4)2 FeSO4 CaCO3 MgO NaNO2 KIarrow_forward
- a. Use the periodic table to write the formula (including the charge) for the simple ion formed by the element with atomic number 20. b. Use the periodic table to write the formula (including the charge) for the simple ion formed by the element with atomic number 17. c. Use the periodic table to write the formula (including the charge) for the simple ion formed by the element with atomic number 35.arrow_forwardWhat are the symbols for the common ions formed by magnesium atoms and by oxygen atoms? Mg+ and O2- Mg2- and O2+ Mg2+ and O- Mg2+ and O2-arrow_forwardThis subatomic element has a charge of -1 and no mass The unequal sharing of electrons in covalent bonds form _____ molecules, such as water During _____ bonding electrons are shared between atoms. The ability of water molecules to form _____ bonds accounts for the unique properties of water. An atom that has lost or gained an electron is called?arrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningLiving By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning