Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393630756
Author: KARTY, Joel
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.30P
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
The bonding and antibonding MOs of the
Concept introduction:
When two orbitals of the same phase overlap, it results in constructive interference, i.e., a bonding MO. If the overlap is between orbitals with different phases, it results in destructive interference, i.e., an antibonding MO.
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
The symmetries of the two MOs resulting from the overlap shown are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
When the overlap of two orbitals is along the bond axis, the MO has
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The bond in H–CI can be explained by the overlap between an s orbital from hydrogen
and a p orbital from chlorine, as shown in this diagram. (a) Draw the bonding and
antibonding MOs that would result from such an interaction. (b) What is the symmetry
of each of these MOs?
The bond in Cl2 can be explained by the end-on overlap between two p AOs, as shown inthis diagram.
(a) Draw the bonding and antibonding MOs that would result from such an interaction.
(b) What is the symmetry of each of these MOs?
(a) Draw the orbital picture for :C=0: showing the explicit overlap of the contributing AOs. (b) How many MOs of T
symmetry are there in total? (c) Draw the orbital energy diagram for CO and identify the HOMO and LUMO.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.1PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.2PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.3PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.4PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.9PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.10P
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.11PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.12PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.13PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.14PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.15PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.16PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.17PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.18PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.19PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.20PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.21PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.22PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.23PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.24PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.25PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.26PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.27PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.28PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.29PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.30PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.31PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.32PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.33PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.34PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.35PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.36PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.37PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.38PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.39PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.40PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.41PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.42PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.43PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.44PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.45PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.46PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.47PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.48PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.49PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.50PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.51PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.52PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.53PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.54PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.55PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.56PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.1YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.2YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.3YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.4YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.9YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.10YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.11YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.12YTCh. 3 - Prob. 3.13YT
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- Explain why 1g is the ground state for H2+ . By combining your answer with the answer to Problem 5, what conclusions can you draw about the molecular orbital description of the bond in H2+ ?arrow_forwarda) Consider a molecule of acetone cyanohydrin, shown below. What is the hybridization and molecular geometry at CA, CB, and O? (b) For Carbon B (CB) and nitrogen (N), draw orbital energy diagrams showing the orbitals involved in bonding after hybridization. Be sure to fill the orbitals appropriately with valence electrons. c) In your diagrams in part (b), which orbitals are involved in sigma and pi bonding? Orbitals Involved in Sigma Bonding Orbitals Involved in Pi Bonding 2p sp sp2 sp3 2p sp sp2 sp3 (d) In a sample containing many molecules of acetone cyanohydrin (and no other substances), what type(s) of intermolecular forces could be present? Choose all that apply. Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Dipole-Dipole Forces London Dispersion Forcesarrow_forward6) Given below are the molecule BH3, its character table, and its molecular orbital diagram. By convention, the z-axis lies along the principal rotation axis: (a) What Mulliken symbol represents the symmetry of the MOs I-V? (b) Which of the given atomic orbitals on boron would match the MOS I-V? (c) Depict the in-phase (bonding) and out-of-phase (anti-bonding) of these MOS. B 2p orbitals B 2s orbitals II H 2s orbitals D₂ A, A₂' A," E" 1 1 2 1 1 2 2C, 3C₂ 0₂ 25, 1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 0 1 2 -1 -1 30, 1 1 -1 R₂ -1 0 -1 -1 -1 1 1 0 (x, y) (R., R.) x+y²,2² (x²-y, xy) (xz, yz)arrow_forward
- The following is part of a molecular orbital energy-level diagram for MOs constructed from 1 s atomic orbitals. a) What labels do we use for the two MO s shown? b)For which of the following molecules or ions could this be the energy-level diagram: H2, He2, H2+,He2+, or H2-? C) What is the bond order of the molecule or ion? d) If an electron is added to the system,into which of the MOs will it be added?arrow_forward(a) Using only the valence atomic orbitals of a hydrogenatom and a fluorine atom, and following the model ofFigure 9.46, how many MOs would you expect for the HFmolecule? (b) How many of the MOs from part (a) would beoccupied by electrons? (c) It turns out that the difference inenergies between the valence atomic orbitals of H and F aresufficiently different that we can neglect the interaction ofthe 1s orbital of hydrogen with the 2s orbital of fluorine.The 1s orbital of hydrogen will mix only with one 2p orbitalof fluorine. Draw pictures showing the proper orientationof all three 2p orbitals on F interacting with a 1s orbitalon H. Which of the 2p orbitals can actually make a bondwith a 1s orbital, assuming that the atoms lie on the z-axis?(d) In the most accepted picture of HF, all the other atomicorbitals on fluorine move over at the same energy into themolecular orbital energy-level diagram for HF. These arecalled “nonbonding orbitals.” Sketch the energy-level diagramfor HF using…arrow_forward(b) Using appropriate diagram(s), show which of the symmetry operation(s) does the [SO-]²" ion have: (i) C4 (ii) ơh (iii) S4.arrow_forward
- (c) An octahedral cluster molecule E6 in Oh point symmetry can be formed without a central atom and is bonded together using the six s and eighteen p orbitals on the six atoms. Each vertex comprises a sp hybrid orbital (radial) pointing into the cluster, and two p orbitals (tangential) at right angles to each other and to the centre of the cluster (see figure below). These are the same as the ligand orbitals used in o- and x-bonding in octahedral transition metal complexes. The bonding overlaps between these orbitals are shown below in A, B and C, and two of these are each part of a triply degenerate set and the other is singly degenerate - remember in O₂ symmetry x, y and z are degenerate. E E E E two tangential p orbitals B The reducible representation for these bonding orbitals is: radial sp orbital Oh E 8C 6C₂ 6C 3C₂ i 684 8S6 30h Ibonding 7 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 11 (i) Determine the three irreducible representations for the orbitals that contribute to cluster bonding to form the seven…arrow_forwardBetween these orbitals: s, px, py, pz, dxy, dyz, dxz, dx2-y2, and dz2. Which of them absolutely cannot overlap, and why? If you can, please give me clear explanation (rather than their symmetry doesn't match, please say something like because this orbital approach in this plane/axis, which doesn't match with the one from the other orbital, etc).arrow_forwardDraw structures for the following showing correct geometry and identify all of the symmetry elements present ) ClO-.arrow_forward
- Draw the complete MO diagram for [CoCl6]4- Label the AOs and SALCs and MOs. Draw a sketch for each MO with the appropriate symmetry labelarrow_forwardDraw one all-bonding MO, thena pair of degenerate MOs, and then a final pair of degenerate MOs. Draw the energydiagram, fill in the electrons, and confirm the electronic configurations of the cyclopentadienyl cation and anionarrow_forwardDraw an energy diagram for the cyclopropenyl MOs. (The polygon rule is helpful.)Label each MO as bonding, nonbonding, or antibonding, and add the nonbonding line.Notice that it goes through the approximate average of the MOs.arrow_forward
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