The following is part of a molecular orbital energy-level diagram for MOs constructed from 1 s atomic orbitals. a) What labels do we use for the two MO s shown? b)For which of the following molecules or ions could this be the energy-level diagram: H2, He2, H2+,He2+, or H2-? C) What is the bond order of the molecule or ion? d) If an electron is added to the system,into which of the MOs will it be added?

Identify the hybrid orbitals used by antimony in SbCl5 and in SbCl6, the ion formed from the reaction of SbCl5 and Cl. Explain your choices.

Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na,2+ (b) Mg,2 (c) AI,2 (d) Si,2 (e) p2+ (f) s,2 (g) F,2 (h) Ar,2 40. Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na22+ (b) Mg22+ (c) Al22+ (d) Si22+ (e) P22+ (f) S22+ (g) F22+ (h) Ar22+

When two amino acids react with each other, they form a linkage called an amide group, or a peptide link. (If more linkage. are added, a protein or polypeptide is formed.) (a) What are the hybridizations of the C and N atoms in the peptide linkage? (b) Is the structure illustrated the only resonance structure possible for the peptide linkage? If another resonance structure is possible. compare it with the o ne shown. Decide which is the more important structure. (c) The computer-generated structure shown here, which contains a peptide linkage, shows that this linkage is flat. This is an important feature of proteins. Speculate on reasons that the CONH linkage is planar. What are the sites of positive and negative charge in this dipeptide?

7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?

When is it desirable to use MO theory rather than valence bond theory?

What hybrid orbitals would be expected for the central atom in each of the following molecules or ions?

7.57 What observation about molecules compels us to consider the hybridization of atomic orbitals?

Lets look more closely at the process of hybridization. (a) What is the relationship between the number of hybrid orbitals produced and the number of atomic orbitals used to create them? (b) Do hybrid atomic orbitals form between different p orbitals without involving 5 orbitals? (c) What is the relationship between the energy of hybrid atomic orbitals and the atomic orbitals from which they are formed?

Using the following atomic orbital pictures and radial probability distribution plots: a) Identify atomic orbital #1. Indicate the number of radial and angular nodes. b) Identify atomic orbital #2. Indicate the number of radial and angular nodes. c) What type of molecular orbital (o, T, or no interaction) will be formed when these orbitals approach each other along the x axis? Describe the orbital overlap if applicable. Assume that the atomic orbitals are at appropriate energy levels to mix Atomic Orbital #1 PR 007 0.06 05 004 03 0.02 0.01 10 20 30 r (ao) Atomic Orbital #2 R 012 0.06 04 02 10 15 20 25 r (ao) JSmol