Chapter 3, Problem 30E

(a)

To determine

To find: the percent of these mothers received inadequate medical care during the pregnancies.

Answer to Problem 30E

22.7%

Explanation of Solution

Given:

	Preterm (induced or cesarean)	Preterm (without procedures)	Term or post-term	Total
Intensive	18	15	28	61
Adequate	46	43	65	154
Inadequate	12	13	38	63
Total	76	71	131	278

Calculation:

From the table, it is observed that the total number of mothers is 278 and out of them 63 received inadequate medical care during their pregnancies.

Therefore, the percent of mother received inadequate medical care during their pregnancies is

  $\begin{array}{c}\frac{\text{Number of mothers who required inadequate care}}{\text{Total number}\text{of}\text{mother}}=\frac{63}{278}\times 100\\ =22.7\%\end{array}$

Therefore, the percent of mothers who received inadequate medical care is 22.7%.

(b)

To determine

To find: the percent of all twin births were preterm.

Answer to Problem 30E

52.9%

Explanation of Solution

Given:

	Preterm (induced or cesarean)	Preterm (without procedures)	Term or post-term	Total
Intensive	18	15	28	61
Adequate	46	43	65	154
Inadequate	12	13	38	63
Total	76	71	131	278

Calculation:

From the table, it is observed that the total number of preterm twin births was 76+71=147 and total number of births was 278.

Therefore, the percent of all pre-term twin births is

  $\begin{array}{c}\frac{\text{Number of pre-term twin births}}{\text{Total number}\text{of}\text{twin births}}=\frac{147}{278}\times 100\\ =52.9\%\end{array}$

Therefore, the percent of all pre-term twin births is 52.9%.

(c)

To determine

To find: the percent of the twin births were preterm.

Answer to Problem 30E

39.7%

Explanation of Solution

Given:

	Preterm (induced or cesarean)	Preterm (without procedures)	Term or post-term	Total
Intensive	18	15	28	61
Adequate	46	43	65	154
Inadequate	12	13	38	63
Total	76	71	131	278

Calculation:

Total number of the mothers who received inadequate medical care is 63. Out of them number of preterm twin births was 12+13=25.

Therefore, among the mothers who received inadequate medical care, percent of the twin births were preterm is

  $\begin{array}{c}\frac{\text{Number of pre-term births to mothers who received inadequate care}}{\text{Total number}\text{of mothers who received inadequate care }}\\ =\frac{25}{63}\times 100\\ =39.7\%\end{array}$

Therefore, the percent of pre-term twin births to mothers who received inadequate medical care is 39.7%.

(d)

To determine

To construct: an appropriate graph comparing the outcomes of the pregnancies.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

	Preterm (induced or cesarean)	Preterm (without procedures)	Term or post-term	Total
Intensive	18	15	28	61
Adequate	46	43	65	154
Inadequate	12	13	38	63
Total	76	71	131	278

Calculation:

Finding the conditional distribution of the level of prenatal care

Twin Births
Level of prenatal care		Preterm (induced or Caesarean)	Preterm (without procedures)	Term or Post- term
intensive	29.5%	24.6%	45.9%
Adequate	29.9%	27.9%	42.2%
Inadequate	19.0%	20.6%	60.3%

Graph:

  

This is the required an appropriate graph comparing the outcomes of the pregnancies.

(e)

To determine

To Explain: the few sentences describing the association between these two variables.

Explanation of Solution

It is observed that, it looks that there is an association between these variables. If there is level of prenatal care is not adequate, post or term births are too much more than the preterm births in comparison of adequate or intensive care.