Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780077861704
Author: Stephen A. Ross Franco Modigliani Professor of Financial Economics Professor, Randolph W Westerfield Robert R. Dockson Deans Chair in Bus. Admin., Bradford D Jordan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 22QP
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6
P10.4
Unlevering the Equity Cost of Capital-Low Leverage & High Leverage Companies: Below, we show
the information for two potential comparable companies. Calculate the unlevered cost of capital based on the
following assumptions. Neither company expects its free cash flows to grow.
Income tax rate for interest (TINT).
Value of debt
Value of preferred stock.
Value of equity
Maturity of debt (years)
Debt cost of capital.
Preferred stock cost of capital.
Equity cost of capital.
Low Leverage
Company
High Leverage
Company
35.0%
$ 4,000
$ 1,000
$15,000
45.0%
$45,000
$
0
Perpetual
$ 5,000
Perpetual
5.0%
8.0%
6.0%
11.8%
28.0%
a.
b.
C.
Assume that interest is tax deductible and that the discount rate for all interest tax shields is the unlevered
cost of capital.
Assume that interest is tax deductible and that the discount rate for all interest tax shields is the cost of debt.
Assume that interest is tax deductible but that the company refinances its debt at the end of each year
(annual…
5:33
What is the firm's equity multiplier?
The equity multiplier is given by:
1
1 - Debt Ratio
(DuPont analysis) Garwryk, Inc., which is financed with debt and equity, presently has a debt ratio of 78 percent.
What is the firm's equity multiplier? How is the equity multiplier related to the firm's use of debt financing (i.e., if the
firm increased its use of debt financing would this increase or decrease its equity multiplier)? Explain.
Equity Multiplier =
The equity multiplier is
|||
=
(Round to two decimal places.)
VO) 1
LTE2.II 4G
O
45%
Calculating Liquidity Ratios [LO2] SDJ, Inc., has net working capital of$1,370, current liabilities of $3,720, and inventory of $1,950. What is the currentratio? What is the quick ratio?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1ACQCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1BCQCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2ACQCh. 3.2 - Name two types of standardized statements and...Ch. 3.3 - What are the five groups of ratios? Give two or...Ch. 3.3 - Given the total debt ratio, what other two ratios...Ch. 3.3 - Turnover ratios all have one of two figures as the...Ch. 3.3 - Profitability ratios all have the same figure in...Ch. 3.4 - Return on assets, or ROA, can be expressed as the...Ch. 3.4 - Return on equity, or ROE, can be expressed as the...
Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5ACQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5BCQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5CCQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5DCQCh. 3 - Prob. 3.1CTFCh. 3 - Prob. 3.2CTFCh. 3 - What is the correct formula for computing the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.5CTFCh. 3 - Current Ratio [LO2] What effect would the...Ch. 3 - Current Ratio and Quick Ratio [LO2] In recent...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3CRCTCh. 3 - Prob. 4CRCTCh. 3 - Prob. 5CRCTCh. 3 - Prob. 6CRCTCh. 3 - Prob. 7CRCTCh. 3 - Prob. 8CRCTCh. 3 - Prob. 9CRCTCh. 3 - Industry-Specific Ratios [LO2] There are many ways...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11CRCTCh. 3 - Prob. 12CRCTCh. 3 - Calculating Liquidity Ratios [LO2] SDJ, Inc., has...Ch. 3 - Calculating Profitability Ratios [LO2] Shelton,...Ch. 3 - Calculating the Average Collection Period [LO2]...Ch. 3 - Calculating Inventory Turnover [LO2] The Green...Ch. 3 - Calculating Leverage Ratios [LO2] Levine, Inc.,...Ch. 3 - Calculating Market Value Ratios [LO2] Makers Corp....Ch. 3 - DuPont Identity [LO4] If Roten Rooters, Inc., has...Ch. 3 - DuPont Identity [LO4] Zombie Corp. has a profit...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9QPCh. 3 - Prob. 10QPCh. 3 - Prob. 11QPCh. 3 - Equity Multiplier and Return on Equity [LO3] SME...Ch. 3 - Just Dew It Corporation reports the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - Prob. 15QPCh. 3 - Prob. 16QPCh. 3 - Calculating Financial Ratios [LO2] Based on the...Ch. 3 - Using the DuPont Identity [LO3] Y3K, Inc., has...Ch. 3 - Days Sales in Receivables [LO2] A company has net...Ch. 3 - Ratios and Fixed Assets [LO2] The Caughlin Company...Ch. 3 - Profit Margin [LO4] In response to complaints...Ch. 3 - Return on Equity [LO2] Firm A and Firm B have...Ch. 3 - Calculating the Cash Coverage Ratio [LO2] Ugh...Ch. 3 - Cost of Goods Sold [LO2] W B Corp. has current...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25QPCh. 3 - Some recent financial statements for Smolira Golf...Ch. 3 - DuPont Identity [LO3] Construct the DuPont...Ch. 3 - Prob. 28QPCh. 3 - Market Value Ratios [LO2] Smolira Golf Corp. has...Ch. 3 - Tobins Q [LO2] What is Tobins Q for Smolira Golf?...Ch. 3 - Using the financial statements provided for SS...Ch. 3 - Mark and Todd agree that a ratio analysis can...Ch. 3 - Compare the performance of SS Air to the industry....
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- 6. Assumptions of the Modigliani and Miller proposition Aa Aa Modern capital structure theory, constructed by Modigliani and Miller, began in 1958 and provided a justification for a corporation's use of more and more financial leverage under certain assumptions. CEOS and CFOS were encouraged to accept M&M's theory and put it into practice, especially when the company's spending is high and the risk of servicing its debt is low. As capital markets have evolved, it is critical to understand the context and assumptions under which this model was created. Review the situation and answer the questions that follow: An analyst has graphed the relationship between the expected return on a firm's capital and its debt-equity (D/E) ratio. Her graph follows: RATES OF RETURN (Percent) 20 18 16 "Equity 14 12 rAssets 10 8. rDebt 6 2 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 DEBT-EQUITY D/E RATIOarrow_forwardWhat is the company's cost of debt? a. 9.21%b. 10.31%c. 11.5%d. 7.73% What is the company's cost of equity using the Capital Asset Pricing Model? a. 9.21%b. 10.31%c. 11.5%d. 7.73%arrow_forwardCalculating Profi tability Ratios [LO2] Wakers, Inc., has sales of $29 million,total assets of $17.5 million, and total debt of $6.3 million. If the profi t marginis 8 percent, what is net income? What is ROA? What is ROE?arrow_forward
- 36. You are analyzing the leverage of two firms and you note the following (all values in millions of dollars): Debt Book Equity Market Equity ЕBIT Interest Expense Firm A 495.8 297.7 401.1 106.8 45.2 Firm B 83.8 38.3 35.9 8.4 7.5 a. What is the market debt-to-equity ratio of each firm? b. What is the book debt-to-equity ratio of each firm? c. What is the interest coverage ratio of each firm? d. Which firm may have more difficulty meeting its debt obligations? Explain.arrow_forwardFinding the Target Capital Structure [LO3] Fama's Llamas has a weighted average cost of capital of 8.9 percent. The company's cost of equity is 12 percent, and its pretax cost of debt is 7.9 percent. The tax rate is 35 percent. What is the company's target debt-equity ratio?arrow_forwardIf a bank has a leverage ratio of 0.5 and a return on assets of 1%, what is its return on equity? Select one: OA 0.2% O B. 2% OC 5% O D. 20%arrow_forward
- 35 A company wants to increase its return on equity ratio. How can this be accomplished? An increase in the amount of mortgage debt A decrease in the amount of preferred dividends A decrease in the amount of net income An increase in the amount of preferred stock dividends NEXT 3 A BOOKMARKarrow_forwardQUESTION 4 Which of the following statements is correct? O A. The tax benefit from using debt financing reduces a firm's risk O B. The lower the level of a firm's debt, the higher the firm's leverage O C. The lower the level of a firm's debt, the higher the firm's equity multiplier O D. The lower the level of a firm's debt, the lower the firm's equity multiplierarrow_forwardQUESTION Generally speaking, the cost of debt is cheaper than the cost of equity. Does it imply that a firm should increase its debt-to-equity ratio to as high as possible such that its corporate cost of capital can be minimized?arrow_forward
- 12 - Which of the following scenarios is the best? a) Decreasing ROE with decreasing EBITDA margin b) Increasing CFO/Financial Debt with increasing EBITDA margin Increasing CFO/Financial Debt with decreasing EBITDA margin d) O Decreasing CFO/Interest Paymnets with increasing EBITDA marginarrow_forward45. Which of the following is an example of a capital market instrument? a. Commercial Paper. b. Treasury bills. c. Preferred stock. d. Banker’s acceptances. 46. Which of the following ratios will increase as a firm uses more financial leverage? a. The debt-to-equity ratio b. The inventory turnover c. The time-interest-earned ratio 47 You need $2,000 to buy a new stereo for your car. If you have $800 to invest at 5 percent compounded annually, how long will you have to wait to buy the stereo? a. 18.78 years. b. 14.58 years. c. 8.42 years. d. 6.58 years.arrow_forwardGiven Analysis of unlevered equity beta with risky debt beta = .30 Firm1 (F1) Firm2 (F2) Firm3 (F3) Company Name b. Solution Levered Equity Betas Analysis of Sterling Analysis based on simple average of unlevered equity betas beta unlevered D/E 1.79 1.98 1.71 0.20 Tax Rate Debt/Equity Assumed Capitalization Debt Betas 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.24 0.22 beta debt 38% 0.30 Average D/E 0.20 a. Solution: Unlevered Equity Betas beta leveredarrow_forward
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