21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 3, Problem 16QP
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Find the direction of motion of Mars during normal motion and during retrograde motion. How the Earth look like for the observer on Mars during retrograde motion?
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The gravity on Mars is about 38% that of Earth's gravity. Let's say some cargo has a mass of 15 kg here on Earth.
First, what would be the weight of that cargo in kilograms on Mars? Explain your answer.
Second, what would be the mass of that cargo in kilograms on Mars? Explain your answer.
The Mars Robotic Lander for which we are making these calculations is designed to return samples of rock from Mars after a long time of collecting samples, exploring the area around the landing site, and making chemical analyses of rocks and dust in the landing area. One synodic period is required for Earth to be in the same place relative to mars as when it landed.
Calculate the synodic period (in years) using the following formula:
1/Psyn = (1/PEarth) - (1/PMars)
where PEarth is the sidereal period of the Earth (1 year) and PMars is the sidereal period of Mars.
If 3/4 of a Martian year was spent collecting samples and exploring the terrain around the landing site, calculate how long the Mars Robotic Lander expedition took!
Mars is 1.5 times as far away from the Sun as Earth. Earth’s axis is tilted at 23.5o compared to the ecliptic. The axis of Mars is tilted at 25o compared to the ecliptic. The atmosphere on Earth is 100 times as thick as the atmosphere on Mars. Which of the following statements is true?
1.)Mars is so cold that the water there is ice, while Earth does not have any ice
2.)When it is summer in Earth’s northern hemisphere, it is winter on Mars’ southern hemisphere
3.) Earth has seasons, Mars does not
4.) All of the water on Mars is frozen, while Earth has water in solid, liquid and gas form
Chapter 3 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1ACYUCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3.1BCYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2CYUCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.3CYUCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.4CYUCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Prob. 2QPCh. 3 - Prob. 3QPCh. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Prob. 7QPCh. 3 - Prob. 8QPCh. 3 - Prob. 9QPCh. 3 - Prob. 10QPCh. 3 - Prob. 11QPCh. 3 - Prob. 12QPCh. 3 - Prob. 13QPCh. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - Prob. 15QPCh. 3 - Prob. 16QPCh. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - Prob. 18QPCh. 3 - Prob. 19QPCh. 3 - Prob. 20QPCh. 3 - Prob. 21QPCh. 3 - Prob. 22QPCh. 3 - Prob. 23QPCh. 3 - Prob. 24QPCh. 3 - Prob. 25QPCh. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Prob. 28QPCh. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Prob. 30QPCh. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QPCh. 3 - Prob. 37QPCh. 3 - Prob. 38QPCh. 3 - Prob. 39QPCh. 3 - Prob. 40QPCh. 3 - Prob. 41QPCh. 3 - Prob. 42QPCh. 3 - Prob. 43QPCh. 3 - Prob. 44QPCh. 3 - Prob. 45QP
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- Explain the differences between the Grand Canyon on Earth and Valles Marineris on Mars.arrow_forwardImagine you grew up on Mars, whose semi-major axis is 1.5 AU. In observing the planets over your lifetime from the Martian surface, what is the largest angular separation you would see between the Earth and the Sun? Take the orbits of the Earth and Mars to be circular.arrow_forwardGalileo's telescopes were not of high quality by modern standards. He was able to see the moons of Jupiter, but he never reported seeing features on Mars. Use the small-angle formula to find the angular diameter of Mars when it is closest to Earth. How does that compare with the maximum angular diameter of Jupiter? (Assume circular orbits with radii equal to the average distance from the Sun. Using the following distances from the Sun: Mars is 228 million km, Jupiter is 778 million km, and Earth is 150 million km. The radius of Mars is 3396 km. The radius of Jupiter is 71,492 km.) angular diameter of Mars = ( )seconds of arc angular diameter of Jupiter =( )seconds of arc ratio of angular diameters (Jupiter/Mars) = ( )arrow_forward
- The closest approach distance between Mars and Earth is 56 million km. Assume you can travel in a spaceship at 58,000 km/h (which is the speed achieved by the New Horizons space probe that went to Pluto and is the fastest speed so far of any space vehicle launched from Earth). How long would it take you in hours to get to Mars at the time of closest approach?arrow_forwardBased on this graph, what is the approximate speed of Venus in Km/s? Estimate the answer as accurately as you can.arrow_forwardI. Directions: Complete the given table by finding the ratio of the planet's time of revolution to its radius. Average Radius of Orbit Times of Planet R3 T2 T?/R3 Revolution Mercury 5.7869 x 1010 7.605 x 106 Venus 1.081 x 1011 1.941 x 107 Earth 1.496 x 1011 3.156 x 107 1. What pattern do you observe in the last column of data? Which law of Kepler's does this seem to support? II. Solve the given problems. Write your solution on the space provided before each number. 1. You wish to put a 1000-kg satellite into a circular orbit 300 km above the earth's surface. Find the following: a) Speed b) Period c) Radial Acceleration Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer: Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer: Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer:arrow_forward
- At an average opposition, the Earth and Mars are separated by 0.52 AU. Suppose an astronomer observes Mars at opposition and that seeing blurs the images to a resolution of 1.0 seconds of arc. What is the smallest surface feature the astronomer would be able to resolve on Mars? How does this size compare with the diameter of Mars?arrow_forwardHow long, deep, and wide would a terrestrial chasm have to be to have the same proportions relative to the Earth that Valles Marineris has to Mars?arrow_forwardPart A: For two moons (Moon A and Moon B) with the same mass, both in circular orbits about Mars, how many times more quickly or slowly is Moon B moving along its orbit if it is 9 times farther from Mars’ center than Moon A? Part B: Now, if Moon A is 4 times more massive than Moon B, how much faster or slower will Moon B’s orbital velocity be (relative to that of Moon A)?arrow_forward
- EAn astronaut arrives on the planet Oceania and climbs to the top of a cliff overlooking the sea. The astronaut's eye is 100 m above the sea level and he observes that the horizon in all directions appears to be at angle of 5 mrad below the local horizontal. What is the radius of the planet Oceania at sea level? How far away is the horizon from the astronaut? 6000 km and 50 km 3600 km and 20 km 2000 km and 40 km 8000 km and 40 kmarrow_forwardIf Mars is 1.5x108 km from Earth, how long does it take radio signals from the Curiosity rover to reach us? (the speed of light is about 3x105 km/sec)arrow_forwardSpeaking of Mercury, approximately how long is one year on the planet closest to the Sun? The sizes of the objects in our model of the solar system are not to scale; however, the relative orbital periods around the Sun are. So you can answer this question by counting the revolutions of Mercury during one Earth year. a) Approximately 90 Earth days b) Approximately 370 Earth days c) Approximately 120 Earth days d) Approximately 50 Earth daysarrow_forward
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