
Concept explainers
A.
To calculate: The number of ATP molecules generated from one glucose molecule.
Introduction:
During
A.

Explanation of Solution
Given,
Free energy (ΔG) for 1 mole of glucose = 686 kcalChemical energy for phosphate bond of 1 mole of ATP = 12 kcal
Total number of generated ATP from 1 mole glucose =Total free energy present in 1 mole of glucoseEnergy for phosphate bond of 1 mole of ATP =68612 = 57 molecules
Hence, a maximum of 57 molecules are generated from one molecule of glucose.
B.
To calculate: The overall efficiency of ATP production from glucose as compared to the answer in part (A).
Introduction:
During cellular respiration, nutrients converted into biochemical energy in the form of ATP. This process leads to the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. This process releases energy and leads to the formation of stronger bonds in the products. Glucose breaks down into simpler molecules and produces energy in the form of ATP.
B.

Explanation of Solution
Refer to the Table 14-1, “products yields from glucose oxidation”, in the text book.
Given,
Respiration produces 30 moles of ATP from 1 mole of glucose.
Overall efficiency of ATP from glucose =Actually produced ATP molecules Number of ATP moleculesharvested as chemical energy × 100 =3057× 100 =52.63% = 53 %
Hence, an overall efficiency of ATP production would be about 53%.
C.
To calculate: The increase amount of energy that heats the body.
Introduction:
During cellular respiration, nutrients converted into biochemical energy in the form of ATP. This process leads to the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. This process releases energy and leads to the formation of stronger bonds in the products. Glucose breaks down into simpler molecules and produces energy in the form of ATP.
C.

Explanation of Solution
Given,
Body consists of water = 75 KgEnergy not stored as chemical energy in ATP = 47 % of total free energy = 47 ×686100 = 322kcal
The increase amount of energy that heats the body = 32275 = 4.3°C
Hence, the temperature of the body increases by 4.3°C, if the heat is not dissipated into the environment.
D.
To explain: The effect on the body when body converts the energy in food substances with 20% efficiency.
Introduction:
During cellular respiration, nutrients converted into biochemical energy in the form of ATP. This process leads to the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. This process releases energy and leads to the formation of stronger bonds in the products. Glucose breaks down into simpler molecules and produces energy in the form of ATP.
D.

Explanation of Solution
If body converts the energy in food substances with 20% efficiency, then 80% of available energy would be released as heat.
The heat production would be higher than the normal. Hence the body would certainly overheat.
E.
To calculate: The amount of glucose from oxidation to produce energy.
Introduction:
During cellular respiration, nutrients converted into biochemical energy in the form of ATP. This process leads to the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. This process releases energy and leads to the formation of stronger bonds in the products. Glucose breaks down into simpler molecules and produces energy in the form of ATP.
E.

Explanation of Solution
Given,
A resting body hydrolyzes about 40 kg of ATP in every 24 hours.
Refer to the Fig. 2-24, “Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a crucially important energy carrier in cells”, in the text book. The molecular formula of ATP is C10H12O13N5P3.
The molecular weight of ATP = (12×10 )+ (1× 12 )+ (16 ×13) +( 14× 5 )+ (31× 3) = 503 g/mole
The amount of ATP hydrolyzes in 24 hours = 40kg0.503 kg/mole = 80 moles =1000 kcal liberated chemical energy
30 moles of ATP = 1 mole glucose = 180 g/moles80 moles of ATP = 180 g/moles30× 80 moles = 480 g
Hence, 1000 kcal chemical energy could be produced by the oxidation of 480 g glucose.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Essential Cell Biology
- circle a nucleotide in the imagearrow_forward"One of the symmetry breaking events in mouse gastrulation requires the amplification of Nodal on the side of the embryo opposite to the Anterior Visceral Endoderm (AVE). Describe one way by which Nodal gets amplified in this region." My understanding of this is that there are a few ways nodal is amplified though I'm not sure if this is specifically occurs on the opposite side of the AVE. 1. pronodal cleaved by protease -> active nodal 2. Nodal -> BMP4 -> Wnt-> nodal 3. Nodal-> Nodal, Fox1 binding site 4. BMP4 on outside-> nodal Are all of these occuring opposite to AVE?arrow_forwardIf four babies are born on a given day What is the chance all four will be girls? Use genetics lawsarrow_forward
- Explain each punnet square results (genotypes and probabilities)arrow_forwardGive the terminal regression line equation and R or R2 value: Give the x axis (name and units, if any) of the terminal line: Give the y axis (name and units, if any) of the terminal line: Give the first residual regression line equation and R or R2 value: Give the x axis (name and units, if any) of the first residual line : Give the y axis (name and units, if any) of the first residual line: Give the second residual regression line equation and R or R2 value: Give the x axis (name and units, if any) of the second residual line: Give the y axis (name and units, if any) of the second residual line: a) B1 Solution b) B2 c)hybrid rate constant (λ1) d)hybrid rate constant (λ2) e) ka f) t1/2,absorb g) t1/2, dist h) t1/2, elim i)apparent central compartment volume (V1,app) j) total AUC (short cut method) k) apparent volume of distribution based on AUC (VAUC,app) l)apparent clearance (CLapp) m) absolute bioavailability of oral route (need AUCiv…arrow_forwardYou inject morpholino oligonucleotides that inhibit the translation of follistatin, chordin, and noggin (FCN) at the 1 cell stage of a frog embryo. What is the effect on neurulation in the resulting embryo? Propose an experiment that would rescue an embryo injected with FCN morpholinos.arrow_forward
- Participants will be asked to create a meme regarding a topic relevant to the department of Geography, Geomatics, and Environmental Studies. Prompt: Using an online art style of your choice, please make a meme related to the study of Geography, Environment, or Geomatics.arrow_forwardPlekhg5 functions in bottle cell formation, and Shroom3 functions in neural plate closure, yet the phenotype of injecting mRNA of each into the animal pole of a fertilized egg is very similar. What is the phenotype, and why is the phenotype so similar? Is the phenotype going to be that there is a disruption of the formation of the neural tube for both of these because bottle cell formation is necessary for the neural plate to fold in forming the neural tube and Shroom3 is further needed to close the neural plate? So since both Plekhg5 and Shroom3 are used in forming the neural tube, injecting the mRNA will just lead to neural tube deformity?arrow_forwardWhat are some medical issues or health trends that may have a direct link to the idea of keeping fat out of diets?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education





